US Patent Class 381
ELECTRICAL AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND DEVICES




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Current as of: June, 1999
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  DF  CLASS NOTES
1  DF  BINAURAL AND STEREOPHONIC
2  DF  .~ Broadcast or multiplex stereo
3  DF  .~.~ FM final modulation
4  DF  .~.~.~ AM subcarrier
5  DF  .~.~.~.~ Four discrete channels
6  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having transmitter
7  DF  .~.~.~.~ Switch-type detector or modulator
8  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Two diodes
9  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Four or more diodes
10  DF  .~.~.~.~ Channel separation control
11  DF  .~.~.~.~ Automatic switchover between mono and stereo modes
12  DF  .~.~.~.~ Stereo indicators (e.g., stereo presence)
13  DF  .~.~.~.~ Antinoise
14  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having transmitter
15  DF  .~.~ AM or both AM and angle final modulation
16  DF  .~.~.~ Having transmitter
17  DF  .~ Pseudo stereophonic
18  DF  .~.~ Pseudo quadrasonic
19  DF  .~ Quadrasonic
20  DF  .~.~ Matrix
21  DF  .~.~.~ 4-2-4
22  DF  .~.~.~.~ Variable decoder
23  DF  .~.~.~.~ With encoder
23.1  DF  .~ Hearing aid
300  DF  .~ Stereo speaker arrangement
301  DF  .~.~ In furniture or clothing
302  DF  .~.~ In vehicle
303  DF  .~.~ Optimization
304  DF  .~.~.~ Enclosure orientation
305  DF  .~.~.~ Enclosure adaptation
306  DF  .~.~ With image presentation means
307  DF  .~.~ Surround (i.e., front plus rear or side)
308  DF  .~.~ In single baffle
309  DF  .~.~ Stereo earphone
310  DF  .~.~.~ Virtual positioning
311  DF  .~.~.~ Wireless or for use in diverse
26  DF  .~ Stereo sound pickup device (microphone)
27  DF  .~ Center channel
28  DF  .~ Amplifier
54  DF  HELIUM SPEECH
55  DF  AUDIO TRANSDUCER PROTECTION CIRCUITRY
56  DF  MONITORING OF SOUND
57  DF  .~ Amplification control responsive to ambient sound
58  DF  MONITORING/MEASURING OF AUDIO DEVICES
59  DF  .~ Loudspeaker operation
60  DF  .~ Testing of hearing aids
61  DF  SOUND EFFECTS
62  DF  .~ Tremelo or vibrato effects
63  DF  .~ Reverberators
64  DF  .~.~ Mechanical (e.g., reverberation chamber)
65  DF  .~.~.~ Helical spring
66  DF  DEREVERBERATORS
67  DF  STETHOSCOPES, ELECTRICAL
312  DF  HEARING AIDS, ELECTRICAL
313  DF  .~ Directional
314  DF  .~ Programming interface circuitry
315  DF  .~ Remote control, wireless, or alarm
316  DF  .~ Frequency transposition
317  DF  .~ Noise compensation circuit
318  DF  .~.~ Feedback suppression
319  DF  .~ With vacuum tube amplifier
320  DF  .~ Spectral control
321  DF  .~ Wideband gain control
322  DF  .~ Specified casing or housing
323  DF  .~.~ Power supply or programming interface terminals
324  DF  .~.~ Component mounting
325  DF  .~.~ Cerumen protection
326  DF  .~.~ Non-air-conducted sound delivery
327  DF  .~.~ Spectacle
328  DF  .~.~ Ear insert
329  DF  .~.~.~ Device for manipulation
330  DF  .~.~ Hook over ear
331  DF  .~.~ Inductive pickup
70  DF  ARTIFICIAL LARYNX, ELECTRICAL
71.1  DF  ACOUSTICAL NOISE OR SOUND CANCELLATION
71.2  DF  .~ Acoustic, nonairborne vibration sensing or counterwave emission
71.3  DF  .~ From appliance
71.4  DF  .~ Within cabin or compartment of vehicle
71.5  DF  .~ Within duct
71.6  DF  .~ Adjacent ear
71.7  DF  .~ Particular transducer or enclosure structure
71.8  DF  .~ Counterwave generation control path
71.9  DF  .~.~ Nonacoustically derived reference signal
71.11  DF  .~.~ Adaptive filter topology
71.12  DF  .~.~ Algorithm or formula (e.g., LMS, Filtered-X, etc.)
71.13  DF  .~.~ Analog or nonadaptive
71.14  DF  .~.~ Tonal noise or particular frequency or band
72  DF  HEARING PROTECTORS, ELECTRICAL
73.1  DF  SOUND OR NOISE MASKING
74  DF  HEADPHONE CIRCUITS
75  DF  MEGAPHONES
76  DF  LECTERNS
77  DF  ONE-WAY AUDIO SIGNAL PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
78  DF  .~ Drive-in
79  DF  .~ Near field
80  DF  .~ Multiple channel
81  DF  .~.~ With switching
82  DF  .~ Public address system
83  DF  .~.~ Feedback suppression
84  DF  .~.~ Spare amplifier substitution
85  DF  .~.~ Speaker or channel switching
86  DF  VEHICLE
87  DF  HAVING NON-ELECTRICAL FEATURE (E.G., MOUNTING)
89  DF  .~.~ Loudspeakers driven in given phase relationship
332  DF  .~ And loudspeaker
333  DF  .~.~ With furniture, clothing, or image presentation means
334  DF  .~.~ Portable or for use in diverse environment
335  DF  .~.~ Plural diaphragms, compartments, or housings
336  DF  .~.~ Curved or angled housing
91  DF  .~ Having microphone
92  DF  DIRECTIVE CIRCUITS FOR MICROPHONES
93  DF  FEEDBACK SUPPRESSION
94.1  DF  NOISE OR DISTORTION SUPPRESSION
94.2  DF  .~ Spectral adjustment
94.3  DF  .~.~ In multiple frequency bands
94.4  DF  .~ Interpolation
94.5  DF  .~ Soft switching, muting, or noise gating
94.6  DF  .~ Hum or ground loop
94.7  DF  .~ Using signal channel and noise channel
94.8  DF  .~ Peak limiting or pulsive noise compensation
94.9  DF  .~ Feedforward circuitry for transducer compensation
95  DF  MICROPHONE FEEDBACK
96  DF  LOUDSPEAKER FEEDBACK
97  DF  INCLUDING PHASE CONTROL
98  DF  INCLUDING FREQUENCY CONTROL
99  DF  .~ Having crossover filter
100  DF  .~.~ With active device
101  DF  .~ Automatic tone control
102  DF  .~.~ With amplitude control
103  DF  .~ Having automatic equalizer circuit
104  DF  INCLUDING AMPLITUDE OR VOLUME CONTROL
105  DF  .~ Remote
106  DF  .~ With amplitude compression/expansion
107  DF  .~ Automatic
108  DF  .~.~ Including feedback
109  DF  .~ With manual volume control
110  DF  VOICE CONTROLLED
111  DF  CIRCUITRY COMBINED WITH SPECIFIC TYPE MICROPHONE OR LOUDSPEAKER
112  DF  .~ With carbon microphone
113  DF  .~ With electrostatic microphone
114  DF  .~ With piezoelectric microphone
115  DF  .~ With magnetic microphone
116  DF  .~ With electrostatic loudspeaker
117  DF  .~ With magnetic loudspeaker
118  DF  WITH MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
119  DF  WITH MIXER
120  DF  WITH AMPLIFIER
121  DF  .~ Feedback
122  DF  HAVING MICROPHONE
123  DF  SWITCHING
150  DF  ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC AUDIO TRANSDUCER
151  DF  .~ Body contact wave transfer (e.g., bone conduction earphone, larynx microphone)
152  DF  .~ Driven diverse static structure (e.g., wall, sounding board)
337  DF  .~ Having acoustic wave modifying structure
338  DF  .~.~ With tubular waveguide or resonant element
339  DF  .~.~ Sound intensifying or spreading element
340  DF  .~.~.~ Horn
341  DF  .~.~.~.~ Inverted, folded, or curled
342  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural horns or diaphragms
343  DF  .~.~.~.~ Phase plug
344  DF  .~.~.~ Mouthpiece
345  DF  .~.~ Acoustic enclosure
346  DF  .~.~.~ Acoustic resistance
347  DF  .~.~.~.~ On front side of diaphragm
348  DF  .~.~.~.~ On rear side of diaphragm
349  DF  .~.~.~ Bass reflex (e.g., rear wave)
350  DF  .~.~.~ Front wave
351  DF  .~.~.~ Plural chambers
352  DF  .~.~.~ Having internal wave reflecting means
353  DF  .~.~.~ Acoustic damping or attenuating resonator
354  DF  .~.~ Absorbing or attenuating element
160  DF  .~.~ Reflecting element
161  DF  .~ With mechanical amplifier arrangement
162  DF  .~ Detail of mechanical vibration coupling to transducer (e.g., tuned vibrating element)
163  DF  .~ Having bi-directional transducer
164  DF  .~ Thermal response to, or generation of, sound vibration
165  DF  .~ By modifying fluid flow
166  DF  .~ Having a fluid as a conducting element
167  DF  .~.~ Ionized gap, spark, or flame
355  DF  .~ Housed microphone
356  DF  .~.~ Directional
357  DF  .~.~.~ With plural sound ports (e.g., pressure gradient)
358  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural or variable characteristics
359  DF  .~.~ Windscreen
360  DF  .~.~ Cavity
361  DF  .~.~ Mounting or support
362  DF  .~.~.~ Boom (other than on headset)
363  DF  .~.~.~ Stand or gooseneck
364  DF  .~.~.~ On body or clothing
365  DF  .~.~.~ In electronic apparatus or vehicle
366  DF  .~.~.~ Detachable from support
367  DF  .~.~.~ In headgear
368  DF  .~.~.~ On shock absorbing support
369  DF  .~ Microphone capsule only
170  DF  .~.~ Compound
171  DF  .~.~ Micromagnetic
172  DF  .~.~ Light modifying
173  DF  .~.~ Piezoelectric or ferroelectric
174  DF  .~.~ Capacitive
175  DF  .~.~ Semiconductor junction microphone
176  DF  .~.~ Conductive diaphragm (e.g., reed, ribbon)
177  DF  .~.~ Dynamic (e.g., magnetic)
178  DF  .~.~ Vibrating electrical contract
179  DF  .~.~ Resistive
180  DF  .~.~.~ Granular or carbon
181  DF  .~.~.~.~ Differential
182  DF  .~ Plural or compound reproducers
370  DF  .~.~ Headphone
371  DF  .~.~.~ Particular cup
372  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having mechanical or acoustic sound attenuation
373  DF  .~.~.~.~ Openable to ambient
374  DF  .~.~.~ Particular support structure
375  DF  .~.~.~.~ And microphone
376  DF  .~.~.~.~ Headgear
377  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural bands
378  DF  .~.~.~.~ Single band
379  DF  .~.~.~.~ adjustable
380  DF  .~.~.~.~ Ear insert or bone conduction
381  DF  .~.~.~.~ Hook over ear or spectacle
382  DF  .~.~.~.~ Sound conducting tube
383  DF  .~.~.~.~ Collapsible
384  DF  .~.~.~ Electrical hardware feature
184  DF  .~.~ Different types of diaphragms
185  DF  .~.~ Having common voice coil
186  DF  .~.~ Plural diaphragms
385  DF  .~ Having body supported structure other than on head
386  DF  .~ Mounting or support feature of housed loudspeaker
387  DF  .~.~ Directional, directible, or movable
388  DF  .~.~ With furniture, clothing, or image display
389  DF  .~.~ In vehicle
390  DF  .~.~ Boom or support arm
391  DF  .~.~ Grille
392  DF  .~.~ Resilient
393  DF  .~.~ electrical insulation feature
394  DF  .~.~ Electrical hardware
395  DF  .~.~ Mechanical detail
189  DF  .~ Having protective or sheilding feature
190  DF  .~ Electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, or piezoelectric
191  DF  .~ Having electrostatic element (e.g., electret, vibrating plate)
396  DF  .~ Electromagnetic (e.g., dyynamic)
397  DF  .~.~ Cooling feature
398  DF  .~.~ Having diaphragm support feature
399  DF  .~.~ Conductive diaphragm (e.g., ribbon)
400  DF  .~.~ Movable voice coil
401  DF  .~.~.~ Multiple voice coils
402  DF  .~.~.~.~ For different frequencies
403  DF  .~.~.~ Centering from outside bobbin or diaphragm
404  DF  .~.~.~.~ Spider
405  DF  .~.~.~ Centering from within bobbin or diaphragm
406  DF  .~.~.~ Field coil
407  DF  .~.~.~ Particular bobbin structure
408  DF  .~.~.~ Pattern
409  DF  .~.~.~ Wiring structure
410  DF  .~.~.~ Coil coating, winding layer structure, or wire
411  DF  .~.~ Including adjustment mechanism
412  DF  .~.~ Magnetic circuit
413  DF  .~.~.~ Having damping
414  DF  .~.~.~ Flux modifying means
415  DF  .~.~.~ Magnetic liquid
416  DF  .~.~.~ Inverted (e.g., within cone)
417  DF  .~.~.~ Armature diaphragm
418  DF  .~.~.~ Armature linked to diaphragm
419  DF  .~.~.~ Not having central magnetic portion
420  DF  .~.~.~ Having central magnetic portion
421  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural magnets
422  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Like poles adjacent
423  DF  .~.~ Specified diaphragm shape or structure
424  DF  .~.~.~ Plural portions or sections
425  DF  .~.~.~.~ Honeycomb
426  DF  .~.~.~ Critically defined material or lamination
427  DF  .~.~.~.~ Metal
428  DF  .~.~.~.~ Fibrous
429  DF  .~.~.~ Apertures in surface
430  DF  .~.~.~ Dome or round
431  DF  .~.~.~ Flat
432  DF  .~.~.~ Conical
433  DF  .~.~ Basket detail
124  DF  MISCELLANEOUS
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FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
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FOR 100  DF  AUDIO BANDWIDTH COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION (381/29)
FOR 101  DF  .~ With content reduction encoding (381/30)
FOR 102  DF  .~ Delay line (381/33)
FOR 103  DF  TIME COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION (E.G., RUN LENGTH CODING) (381/34)
FOR 104  DF  .~ With content reduction encoding (381/35)
FOR 105  DF  SPEECH ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS COMBINED (381/36)
FOR 106  DF  .~ Using frequency (381/37)
FOR 107  DF  .~.~ Pitch (381/38)
FOR 108  DF  .~.~ Formants (381/39)
FOR 109  DF  .~ Using time (381/40)
FOR 110  DF  SPEECH ANALYSIS (E.G., PHONEME RECOGNITION) (381/41)
FOR 111  DF  .~ Voice recognition (381/42)
FOR 112  DF  .~ Word recognition (381/43)
FOR 113  DF  .~.~ Phonetic typewriters (381/44)
FOR 114  DF  .~.~ Frequency domain (381/45)
FOR 115  DF  .~ Detection of speech in noise (381/46)
FOR 116  DF  .~ Signal to noise ratio enhancement (381/47)
FOR 117  DF  .~ Speech parameter display (381/48)
FOR 118  DF  .~ Speech pitch fundamental frequency (381/49)
FOR 119  DF  .~ Speech formant frequencies (381/50)
FOR 120  DF  SPEECH SYNTHESIS (381/51)
FOR 121  DF  .~ Speech from printed matter (381/52)
FOR 122  DF  .~ Vocal tract model (381/53)
FOR 123  DF  ACOUSTICAL NOISE OR SOUND CANCELLATION (381/71)
FOR 124  DF  NOISE SUPPRESSION (381/94)
*  DD  BINAURAL AND STEREOPHONIC
FOR 125  DF  .~ Speaker arrangement (381/24)
FOR 126  DF  .~.~ Earphone (381/25)
FOR 127  DF  HEARING AIDS, ELECTRICAL (381/68)
FOR 128  DF  .~ Directional (381/68.1)
FOR 129  DF  .~ Frequency control (381/68.2)
FOR 130  DF  .~ Bone conduction (381/68.3)
FOR 131  DF  .~ Gain Control (381/68.3)
FOR 132  DF  .~ Spectacle (381/68.5)
FOR 133  DF  .~ Ear insert (381/68.6)
FOR 134  DF  .~ Hook over ear (381/68.7)
FOR 135  DF  .~ Specified casing or housing (381/69)
FOR 136  DF  .~.~ Having vacuum tube amplifier (381/69.1)
FOR 137  DF  .~.~ Having battery (381/69.2)
FOR 138  DF  .~ Having enclosure or housing (381/138)
FOR 139  DF  .~.~ With loudspeaker (e.g., baffle, spatial orientation, etc.) (381/90)
FOR 140  DD  .~ With acoustic wave modifying structure (381/153)
FOR 141  DD  .~.~ Including sound conducting tube (381/154)
FOR 142  DD  .~.~ Directional (381/155)
FOR 143  DD  .~.~ Sound intensifying or spreading element (381/156)
FOR 144  DD  .~.~.~ Mouthpiece (381/157)
FOR 145  DD  .~.~ Absorbing or attenuating element (e.g., baffle, obstruction, damping) (381/158)
FOR 146  DD  .~.~ Enclosure or resonant cavity (381/159)
FOR 147  DD  .~ Microphone (381/168)
FOR 148  DD  .~.~ With mounting or support feature (381/169)
FOR 149  DD  .~.~ Headphone (381/183)
FOR 150  DD  .~ Having body supported structure (e.g., earphone) (381/187)
FOR 151  DD  .~ With mounting or support feature (381/188)
FOR 152  DD  .~ Electromagnetic (e.g., dynamic) (381/192)
FOR 153  DD  .~.~ Having feature of edge-supported diaphragm (381/193)
FOR 154  DD  .~.~ Movable voice coil (381/194)
FOR 155  DD  .~.~.~ Multiple (e.g., double) (381/195)
FOR 156  DD  .~.~.~ Pattern (381/196)
FOR 157  DD  .~.~.~ Centering (381/197)
FOR 158  DD  .~.~ Including adjustment mechanism (381/198)
FOR 159  DD  .~.~ Magnetic circuit or core structure (381/199)
FOR 160  DD  .~.~.~ Armature (381/200)
FOR 161  DD  .~.~.~ Magnetic configuration (e.g., tubular or U-shaped) (381/201)
FOR 162  DD  .~.~ Specified diaphragm shape or structure (381/202)
FOR 163  DD  .~.~.~ Flat (381/203)
FOR 164  DD  .~.~.~ Conical (381/204)
FOR 165  DD  .~ Electro-acoustical transducer mounting or support (381/205)