US Patent Class 976
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY




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Current as of: June, 1999
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  DF  CLASS NOTES
DIG 1  DD  ALLEGED CONTROLLED FUSION REACTORS (G21B-1/00) ** (uncontrolled reactors DIG. 423; arrangements for heating or confining plasma H05H-1/02)
DIG 2  DD  .~ Combined fission-fusion reactors [G21B-1/00B] *** (see also DIG. 5+)
DIG 3  DD  .~ Inertial confinement fusion reactor [G21B-1/00C] *** (plasma produced by laser H05H-1/22B; by particle beam H05H-1/22C)
DIG 4  DD  .~ Using a beam of particles some of which react with other particles [G21B-1/02]
DIG 5  DD  NUCLEAR REACTORS [G21C-1/00] *** (fusion reactors H05H-1/00; nuclear explosives DIG. 423; analogue computers therefor G06G-7/54)
DIG 6  DD  .~ Integral reactors (i.e., the reactor core and the heat exchanger are placed in one vessel; the reactor vessel and the heat exchanger form an integral construction) [G21C-1/00B]
DIG 7  DD  .~.~ Where the prime mover is also placed in the vessel [G21C-1/00B2]
DIG 8  DD  .~.~ Where the heat exchanger is disposed above the core [G21C-1/00B3]
DIG 9  DD  .~.~ Where the heat exchanger is disposed beneath the core [G21C-1/00B4]
DIG 10  DD  .~.~ Where the heat exchanger is disposed beside the core [G21C-1/00B5]
DIG 11  DD  .~ Fast fission reactors (i.e., reactors not using a moderator; metal cooled reactors; fast breeders) [G21C-1/02]
DIG 12  DD  .~.~ Characterized by the concept and properties of the core [G21C-1/02B]
DIG 13  DD  .~.~.~ Where the core is divided into zones with fuel and zones with breeding material [G21C-1/02B2]
DIG 14  DD  .~.~ Cooled by a not essentially pressurized coolant (e.g., tub type) [G21C-1/02D] *** (cooling arrangements DIG. 187+)
DIG 15  DD  .~.~ Cooled by a pressurized coolant [G21C-1/02F] *** (cooling arrangements DIG. 187+)
DIG 16  DD  .~ Thermal reactors; Epithermal reactors [G21C-1/04]
DIG 17  DD  .~.~ Heterogeneous reactors (i.e., in which the fuel and moderator are separated) [G21C-1/06]
DIG 18  DD  .~.~.~ Pebble-bed reactors; Reactors with granular fuel [G21C-1/06B]
DIG 19  DD  .~.~.~ Moderator being highly pressurized (e.g., boiling water reactor; integral super-heat reactor; pressurized water reactor) [G21C-1/08] *** (DIG. 30 takes precedence)
DIG 20  DD  .~.~.~.~ Pressure regulating arrangements; "pressurizers" [G21C-1/08B]
DIG 21  DD  .~.~.~.~ Reactors where the coolant is overheated [G21C-1/08D]
DIG 22  DD  .~.~.~.~ Boiling water reactors [G21C-1/08E]
DIG 23  DD  .~.~.~.~ Pressurized water reactors [G21C-1/08F]
DIG 24  DD  .~.~.~.~ Moderator and coolant being different or separated [G21C-1/10]
DIG 25  DD  .~.~.~.~.~ Moderator being solid (e.g., Magnox reactor, gas-graphite reactor [G21C-1/12]
DIG 26  DD  .~.~.~ Moderator being substantially not pressurized (e.g., swimming-pool reactor [G21C-1/14] *** (DIG. 30 takes precedence)
DIG 27  DD  .~.~.~.~ Moderator and coolant being different or separated (e.g., sodium-graphite reactor, sodium-heavy water reactor, organic coolant-heavy water reactor) [G21C-1/16]
DIG 28  DD  .~.~.~.~.~ Coolant being pressurized [G21C-1/18]
DIG 29  DD  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Moderator being liquid (e.g., pressure-tube reactor, also the construction of the pressure-tubes) [G21C-1/20]
DIG 30  DD  .~.~.~ Using fluid or fluent fuel [G21C-1/22] *** (With granular fuel DIG. 18)
DIG 31  DD  .~.~ Homogeneous reactors (i.e., in which the fuel and moderator present an effectively homogeneous medium to the neutrons) [G21C-1/24]
DIG 32  DD  .~.~.~ Single-region reactors [G21C-1/26]
DIG 33  DD  .~.~.~ Two-region reactors [G21C-1/28]
DIG 34  DD  .~ Subcritical reactors; Experimental reactors with exception of swimming-pool reactors, zero-energy reactors [G21C-1/30]
DIG 35  DD  .~.~ Experimental and irradiation arrangements inside the reactor [G21C-1/30B] *** (irradiation loops DIG. 36; material testing by neutrons G01N-23/00B)
DIG 36  DD  .~.~ Irradiation loops [G21C-1/30D]
DIG 37  DD  REACTOR FUEL ELEMENTS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES; SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS REACTOR FUEL ELEMENTS [G21C-3/00]
DIG 38  DD  .~ Fuel elements [G21C-3/02] *** (manufacturing DIG. 283)
DIG 39  DD  .~.~ Constructional details [G21C-3/04]
DIG 40  DD  .~.~.~ Means for removal of gases from fuel elements [G21C-3/04B]
DIG 41  DD  .~.~.~ Fuel elements comprising casings with a mass of granular fuel with coolant passages through them [G21C-3/04C]
DIG 42  DD  .~.~.~ Fuel elements with porous or capillary structure [G21C-3/04D]
DIG 43  DD  .~.~.~ Casings; Jackets; Jacket materials [G21C-3/06]
DIG 44  DD  .~.~.~.~ Jacket materials (e.g., alloys) [G21C-3/06B]
DIG 45  DD  .~.~.~.~ Provided with external means to promote heat-transfer (e.g., fins, baffles) [G21C-3/08]
DIG 46  DD  .~.~.~.~ End closures; means for tight mounting therefor [G21C-3/10]
DIG 47  DD  .~.~.~.~.~ Flattened end-closures [G21C-3/10B]
DIG 48  DD  .~.~.~.~ Means forming part of the element for locating it within the reactor core [G21C-3/12] *** (means not forming part of the element DIG. 102)
DIG 49  DD  .~.~.~.~ Means forming part of the element for inserting it into, or removing it from, the core; Means for coupling adjacent elements (e.g., to form a stringer) [G21C-3/14]
DIG 50  DD  .~.~.~ Details of the construction within the casing [G21C-3/16]
DIG 51  DD  .~.~.~.~ Means for storage or immobilization of gases in fuel elements [G21C-3/16B]
DIG 52  DD  .~.~.~.~ Internal spacers; Other nonactive material within the casings (e.g., compensating for expansion of fuel rod; compensating for excess reactivity) [G21C-3/18] *** (interlayers DIG. 53)
DIG 53  DD  .~.~.~.~ With coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with nonactive interlayer between casing and active material; with multiple casings or multiple active layers [G21C-3/20]
DIG 54  DD  .~.~ Elements with fissile or breeder material in contact with coolant [G21C-3/22]
DIG 55  DD  .~.~ Elements with fissile or breeder material in fluid form within a nonactive casing [G21C-3/24]
DIG 56  DD  .~.~ Elements with fissile or breeder material in powder form within a nonactive casing [G21C-3/26] *** (DIG. 57 takes precedence)
DIG 57  DD  .~.~ Elements with fissile or breeder material in solid form within a nonactive casing [G21C-3/28]
DIG 58  DD  .~ Assemblies of number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit [G21C-3/30]
DIG 59  DD  .~.~ Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements [G21C-3/32]
DIG 60  DD  .~.~.~ Means to influence the coolant flow through or around the assembly [G21C-3/32B] *** (DIG. 246 takes precedence)
DIG 61  DD  .~.~.~ Coats and envelope surrounding the assembly [G21C-3/32C]
DIG 62  DD  .~.~.~ Made of moderator-material [G21C-3/32D]
DIG 63  DD  .~.~.~ Comprising fuel-elements of various compositions; comprising other pin-, rod-, or tube-like forms [G21C-3/32G] *** (elements influencing the coolant flow DIG. 60)
DIG 64  DD  .~.~.~.~ Special arrangements of elements in the assembly-lattice (e.g., fissile rods, fertile rods, water rods, poison rods, dummy-rods) [G21C-3/32G2]
DIG 65  DD  .~.~.~ Supporting or hanging the elements in the assembly [G21C-3/32H] *** (Spacer grids DIG. 71); Means forming part of the assembly for inserting it into, or removing it from, the core; Means for coupling adjacent assemblies (means forming part of the element for inserting it into, or removing it from, the core; or means for coupling adjacent elements DIG. 49)
DIG 66  DD  .~.~.~.~ Supports for spacer grids [G21C-3/32H2]
DIG 67  DD  .~.~.~ Means for the storage or removal of fission gases [G21C-3/32K] *** (means for the storage of fission gases in the elements DIG. 50; means for the removal of fission gases from elements DIG. 39+)
DIG 68  DD  .~.~.~ Assembling the bundle; Exchange of elements in the bundle [G21C-3/32L]
DIG 69  DD  .~.~.~ Spacer elements [G21C-3/32M] *** (spacer grids DIG. 71)
DIG 70  DD  .~.~.~.~ Helicoidal spacer elements [G21C-3/32M2]
DIG 71  DD  .~.~.~ Spacer grids; other spacer devices [G21C-3/34]
DIG 72  DD  .~.~.~.~ Compact spacer grids (e.g., made of a plate or a blade) [G21C-3/34A]
DIG 73  DD  .~.~.~.~ Spacer grids formed of assembled tubular elements [G21C-3/34B]
DIG 74  DD  .~.~.~.~ Spacer grids wherein each cell has a circular cross section; cells formed of assembled metallic nonintersecting strips [G21C-3/34C]
DIG 75  DD  .~.~.~.~ Spacer grids wherein each cell has a polygonal (e.g., square cross section) ; cells formed of assembled metallic nonintersecting strips [G21C-3/34D]
DIG 76  DD  .~.~.~.~.~ Polygonal cells formed of intersecting strips [G21C-3/34D2]
DIG 77  DD  .~.~.~.~.~.~ The cells being provided with fuel element supporting members [G21C-3/34D2A]
DIG 78  DD  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Supporting members formed only by deformations in the intersecting strips [G21C-3/34D2A2]
DIG 79  DD  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Supporting members formed only of elements fixed on the strips (e.g., by welding) [G21C-3/34D2A4]
DIG 80  DD  .~.~.~.~ Spacer grids formed by metallic wires (e.g., springs) [G21C-3/34E]
DIG 81  DD  .~.~.~.~ Fabrication of spacer grids [G21C-3/34F]
DIG 82  DD  .~.~ Assemblies of plate-shaped fuel elements or coaxial tubes [G21C-3/36]
DIG 83  DD  .~ Fuel units consisting of a single fuel element in a supporting sleeve or in another supporting element [G21C-3/38]
DIG 84  DD  .~ Structural combination of fuel element with thermoelectric element for direct production of electric energy from fission heat; or with another arrangement for direct production of electric energy (e.g., a thermionic device) [G21C-3/40] *** (temperature measurement DIG. 236; combination with thermoelements for temperature measurements DIG. 241)
DIG 85  DD  .~ Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel [G21C-3/42]
DIG 86  DD  .~.~ Fluid or fluent reactor fuel [G21C-3/44]
DIG 87  DD  .~.~.~ Aqueous compositions [G21C-3/46]
DIG 88  DD  .~.~.~.~ True or colloidal solutions of the active constituent [G21C-3/48]
DIG 89  DD  .~.~.~.~ Suspensions of the active constituent; Slurries [G21C-3/50]
DIG 90  DD  .~.~.~ Liquid metal compositions [G21C-3/52]
DIG 91  DD  .~.~.~ Fused salt, oxide or hydroxide compositions [G21C-3/54]
DIG 92  DD  .~.~.~ Gaseous compositions; Suspensions in a gaseous carrier [G21C-3/56]
DIG 93  DD  .~.~ Solid reactor fuel; Pellets made of fissile material [G21C-3/58]
DIG 94  DD  .~.~.~ Metallic fuel; Intermetallic dispersions [G21C-3/60]
DIG 95  DD  .~.~.~ Ceramic fuel [G21C-3/62]
DIG 96  DD  .~.~.~.~ Oxide fuels [G21C-3/62B]
DIG 97  DD  .~.~.~.~ Coated fuel particles [G21C-3/62J]
DIG 98  DD  .~.~.~.~ Ceramic dispersion fuel (e.g., cermet) [G21C-3/64]
DIG 99  DD  MODERATOR OR CORE STRUCTURE; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR USE AS MODERATOR [G21C-5/00]
DIG 100  DD  .~ Details [G21C-5/02]
DIG 101  DD  .~.~ Spatial arrangements allowing for Wigner growth [G21C-5/04]
DIG 102  DD  .~.~ Means for locating or supporting fuel elements [G21C-5/06] *** (means forming part of the element DIG. 48)
DIG 103  DD  .~.~ Means for preventing undesired asymmetric expansion of the complete structure (e.g., stretching devices, pins) [G21C-5/08]
DIG 104  DD  .~.~ Means for supporting the complete structure [G21C-5/10] *** (arrangements for supporting vessels and core structure DIG. 168)
DIG 105  DD  .~ Characterized by composition (e.g., the moderator containing additional substances which ensure improved heat resistance of the moderator [G21C-5/12] *** (purification of fluid moderators during the operation of the reactor DIG. 266)
DIG 106  DD  .~.~ Moderators made of organic materials [G21C-5/12B]
DIG 107  DD  .~.~ Carbonic moderators [G21C-5/12G]
DIG 108  DD  .~ Characterized by shape [G21C-5/14]
DIG 109  DD  .~.~ Shape of its constituent parts [G21C-5/16]
DIG 110  DD  .~ Characterized by the provision of more than one active zone [G21C-5/18]
DIG 111  DD  .~.~ Wherein one zone contains fissile material and another zone contains breeder material [G21C-5/20]
DIG 112  DD  .~.~ Wherein one zone is a superheating zone [G21C-5/22]
DIG 113  DD  CONTROL OF NUCLEAR REACTION [G21C-7/00]
DIG 114  DD  .~ Flux flattening [G21C-7/00B]
DIG 115  DD  .~ By using self-regulating properties of reactor materials (e.g., Doppler effect) [G21C-7/02] *** (arrangements that involve temperature stability DIG. 136)
DIG 116  DD  .~.~ Of burnable poisons [G21C-7/04]
DIG 117  DD  .~ By application of neutron-absorbing material (i.e., material with absorption cross section very much in excess of reflection cross section) [G21C-7/06]
DIG 118  DD  .~.~ By displacement of solid control elements (e.g., control rods) [G21C-7/08]
DIG 119  DD  .~.~.~ Construction of control elements [G21C-7/10]
DIG 120  DD  .~.~.~.~ Control assemblies containing one or more absorbant as well as other elements (e.g., fuel or moderator elements) [G21C-7/10B]
DIG 121  DD  .~.~.~.~ Control elements adapted for pebble bed reactors [G21C-7/10C]
DIG 122  DD  .~.~.~.~ Deformable control elements (e.g., flexible, telescopic or articulated) [G21C-7/10D]
DIG 123  DD  .~.~.~.~ Control elements made of flat elements; Control elements having cruciform cross section [G21C-7/10E]
DIG 124  DD  .~.~.~.~ Cluster or spider control rods [G21C-7/10F]
DIG 125  DD  .~.~.~ Means for moving control elements to desired position [G21C-7/12]
DIG 126  DD  .~.~.~.~ Mechanical drive arrangements [G21C-7/14]
DIG 127  DD  .~.~.~.~ Hydraulic or pneumatic drive [G21C-7/16]
DIG 128  DD  .~.~.~ Means for obtaining differential movement of control elements [G21C-7/18]
DIG 129  DD  .~.~.~ Disposition of shock-absorbing devices; Braking arrangements [G21C-7/20] *** (shock absorbers in general F16F)
DIG 130  DD  .~.~ By displacement of a fluid or fluent neutron-absorbing material (e.g., by adding neutron absorbing material to the coolant) [G21C-7/22]
DIG 131  DD  .~.~ Selection of substances for use as neutron-absorbing material [G21C-7/24]
DIG 132  DD  .~ By displacement of the moderator or parts thereof; by changing the moderator concentration [G21C-7/26]
DIG 133  DD  .~.~ Spectral shift control [G21C-7/26B]
DIG 134  DD  .~ By displacement of the reflector or parts thereof [G21C-7/28]
DIG 135  DD  .~ By displacement of the reactor fuel or fuel elements [G21C-7/30]
DIG 136  DD  .~ By varying flow of coolant through the core; by adjusting the coolant or moderator temperature [G21C-7/32]
DIG 137  DD  .~ By utilization of a primary neutron source [G21C-7/34]
DIG 138  DD  .~ Control circuits [G21C-7/36]
DIG 139  DD  EMERGENCY PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS STRUCTALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE REACTOR (e.g., safety valves provided with pressure equalization devices) [G21C-9/00] *** (emergency cooling arrangements DIG. 196)
DIG 140  DD  .~ Pressure suppression [G21C-9/00B]
DIG 141  DD  .~.~ By rupture discs or diaphragms [G21C-9/00B2]
DIG 142  DD  .~.~ By stream condensation or by thermal accumulation [G21C-9/00B4]
DIG 143  DD  .~ Core catchers [G21C-9/00D]
DIG 144  DD  .~ Against explosions (e.g., blast shields) [G21C-9/00F]
DIG 145  DD  .~ Against Na- or Ka- reactions [G21C-9/00I]
DIG 146  DD  .~ Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions (e.g., reactor fuse, control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency) [G21C-9/02] *** (control elements, per se, DIG. 113+)
DIG 147  DD  .~.~ By fast movement of a solid (e.g, pebbles) [G21C-9/02B]
DIG 148  DD  .~.~ By an absorbant fluid [G21C-9/02D]
DIG 149  DD  .~.~ Reactor fuses [G21C-9/02F]
DIG 150  DD  .~.~ Rupture diaphragms [G21C-9/02H]
DIG 151  DD  .~ Means for suppressing fires; Earthquake protection [G21C-9/04]
DIG 152  DD  SHEILDING STRUCTURALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE REACTOR [G21C-11/00]
DIG 153  DD  .~ Biological sheilding; Neutron and gamma shielding [G21C-11/02] *** (in general DIG. 319+)
DIG 154  DD  .~.~ Inside the reactor vessel [G21C-11/02B]
DIG 155  DD  .~.~.~ Structurally combined with the casing [G21C-11/02B2]
DIG 156  DD  .~.~ In apertures or channels through a wall [G21C-11/02D]
DIG 157  DD  .~.~ Characterized by the form or by the material [G21C-11/02F]
DIG 158  DD  .~.~ On waterborne craft [G21C-11/04]
DIG 159  DD  .~ Reflecting shields (i.e., for minimizing loss of neutrons) [G21C-11/06]
DIG 160  DD  .~ Thermal shields; Thermal linings (i.e., for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield); Thermal insulation [G21C-11/08]
DIG 161  DD  .~.~ Consisting of a nonmetallic layer of insulating material [G21C-11/08B]
DIG 162  DD  .~.~ Consisting of one or more metallic layers [G21C-11/08D]
DIG 163  DD  .~.~.~ Consisting exclusively of several metallic layers [G21C-11/08D2]
DIG 164  DD  .~.~ Consisting of a combination of nonmetallic and metallic layers (e.g., metal-sand-metal-concrete) [G21C-11/08E]
DIG 165  DD  .~.~ Consisting of a stagnant or a circulating fluid [G21C-11/08F]
DIG 166  DD  PRESSURE VESSELS; CONTAINMENT VESSELS [G21C-13/00] *** (chemical or physical processes B01J-3/00; pressure vessels in general F16J-12/00)
DIG 167  DD  .~ Details (e.g., seals, supporting constructions, ventillating arrangements, tube joints with a vessel wall) [G21C-13/02]
DIG 168  DD  .~.~ Supporting constructions for pressure vessels or containers [G21C-13/02B]
DIG 169  DD  .~.~ Seals (e.g., for pressure vessels or containers [G21C-13/02D]
DIG 170  DD  .~.~.~ For container apertures [G21C-13/02D2]
DIG 171  DD  .~.~ Tube joints with a vessel wall (e.g., taking into account thermal stresses) [G21C-13/02F]
DIG 172  DD  .~.~ Ventillating arrangements [G21C-13/02G]
DIG 173  DD  .~.~ Tube crossings through a vessel wall [G21C-13/02H]
DIG 174  DD  .~.~ Arrangements for expansion and contraction [G21C-13/04]
DIG 175  DD  .~.~ Sealing plugs [G21C-13/06]
DIG 176  DD  .~.~.~ For tubes (e.g., standpipes; Locking-devices for the plugs included) [G21C-13/06B]
DIG 177  DD  .~.~.~.~ Seals for the plugs [G21C-13/06B2]
DIG 178  DD  .~.~.~ Closures for reactor-vessels (also rotatable) [G21C-13/06D]
DIG 179  DD  .~.~.~.~ Seals for closures or for rotatable closures [G21C-13/06D2]
DIG 180  DD  .~ Vessels characterized by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels [G21C-13/08]
DIG 181  DD  .~.~ Metallic vessels [G21C-13/08B]
DIG 182  DD  .~.~.~ Tube-type vessels (e.g., for not essentially pressurized coolants) [G21C-13/08B2]
DIG 183  DD  .~.~ Concrete vessels [G21C-13/08D]
DIG 184  DD  .~.~.~ Made of prestressed-concrete [G21C-13/08D2]
DIG 185  DD  .~.~.~.~ Particulars concerning pre-stressing devices (and cables) [G21C-13/08D2B]
DIG 186  DD  .~ Means for preventing contamination in the event of leakage (e.g., double wall) [G21C-13/10]
DIG 187  DD  COOLING ARRANGEMENTS WITHIN THE PRESSURE VESSEL CONTAINING THE CORE; SELECTION OF SPECIFIC COOLANTS [G21C-15/00]
DIG 188  DD  .~ Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices [G21C-15/02] *** (DIG. 246 takes precedence); (coolant flow control through fuel assemblies (e.g., flow restrictors) DIG. 60)
DIG 189  DD  .~.~ From fissile or breeder material [G21C-15/04] *** (DIG. 59 takes precedence)
DIG 190  DD  .~.~.~ In fuel elements [G21C-15/06]
DIG 191  DD  .~.~ From moderating material [G21C-15/08]
DIG 192  DD  .~.~ From reflector or thermal shield [G21C-15/10]
DIG 193  DD  .~.~ From pressure vessel; from containment vessel [G21C-15/12]
DIG 194  DD  .~.~ From headers; from joints in ducts [G21C-15/14]
DIG 195  DD  .~ Comprising means for separating liquid and steam [G21C-15/16]
DIG 196  DD  .~ Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat [G21C-15/18]
DIG 197  DD  .~ Partitions or thermal insulation between fuel channel and moderator [G21C-15/20]
DIG 198  DD  .~ Structural association of coolant tubes with headers [G21C-15/22]
DIG 199  DD  .~ Promoting flow of the coolant [G21C-15/24]
DIG 200  DD  .~.~ For liquids [G21C-15/24B]
DIG 201  DD  .~.~.~ For liquid metals [G21C-15/24B2]
DIG 202  DD  .~.~.~ Jet-pumps [G21C-15/24B4]
DIG 203  DD  .~.~ For gases (ventilators) [G21C-15/24D]
DIG 204  DD  .~.~ Heat-pipes [G21C-15/24F]
DIG 205  DD  .~.~ By convection (e.g., using chimneys, using divergent channels [G21C-15/26]
DIG 206  DD  .~ Selection of specific coolants; additions to the reactor coolants (e.g., against moderator corrosion) [G21C-15/28] *** (if serving as the moderator DIG.105, Compositions, per se, C09K-5/00; Organic coolants DIG. 106; purification and regeneration of the reactor coolants DIG. 266)
DIG 207  DD  MONITORING; TESTING; MAINTAINING [G21C-17/00]
DIG 208  DD  .~ Mechanical simulators [G21C-17/00B] *** (electrical or magnetic simulators G06G-7/54)
DIG 209  DD  .~ Detection of leaks [G21C-17/00C] *** (by testing the coolant or the moderator DIG. 224)
DIG 210  DD  .~ Remote inspection of vessels (e.g., pressure vessels) [G21C-17/00D]
DIG 211  DD  .~.~ Inspection of outer surfaces of vessels [G21C-17/00D1]
DIG 212  DD  .~.~ Inspection of inner surfaces of vessels [G21C-17/00D2]
DIG 213  DD  .~.~ Inspection vehicles [G21C-17/00D3]
DIG 214  DD  .~ Inspection or maintenance of pipe-lines or tubes in nuclear installations [G21C-17/00F]
DIG 215  DD  .~ Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator [G21C-17/02]
DIG 216  DD  .~.~ For monitoring liquid coolants or moderators [G21C-17/02B]
DIG 217  DD  .~.~.~ For monitoring liquid metal coolants [G21C-17/02B2] *** (molten metal sampling in general G01N-1/12B)
DIG 218  DD  .~.~.~.~ Liquid metal leaks detection [G21C-17/02B2B] *** (detecting leaks in pipe-line systems in general F17D-5/00)
DIG 219  DD  .~.~ For monitoring gaseous coolants [G21C-17/02D]
DIG 220  DD  .~.~ Solid moderators testing (e.g., graphite) [G21C-17/02F]
DIG 221  DD  .~.~ Reactor coolants flow measuring or monitoring [G21C-17/02H] *** (measuring volume or mass flow in general G01F)
DIG 222  DD  .~.~ Moderator or coolant level detection devices [G21C-17/02K] *** (indicating or measuring liquid level in general G01F-23/00)
DIG 223  DD  .~.~ Moderator or coolant boiling detection [G21C-17/02M]
DIG 224  DD  .~.~ Detecting burst slugs [G21C-17/04]
DIG 225  DD  .~.~.~ Characterized by (matrix) systems for checking the coolant channels [G21C-17/04B]
DIG 226  DD  .~.~.~ Devices for selective sampling (e.g., valves, shutters, rotatable selector valves) [G21C-17/04D]
DIG 227  DD  .~.~.~ Detectors and metering devices for the detection of fission products [G21C-17/04F]
DIG 228  DD  .~.~.~.~ Precipitation chambers [G21C-17/04F2]
DIG 229  DD  .~.~.~.~ Detection and metering circuits [G21C-17/04F4]
DIG 230  DD  .~.~.~ Characterized by a special construction of fuel elements (e.g., by a confined "tracer") [G21C-17/04H]
DIG 231  DD  .~ Devices or arrangements for monitoring or testing fuel or fuel elements (e.g., for burn-up, for contamination, for leak-tightness) not during reactor operation [G21C-17/06] *** (DIG. 235, DIG. 236 take precedence) (detection of leaking fuel elements during reactor operation DIG. 224)
DIG 232  DD  .~.~ Leak-tightness control [G21C-17/06B] *** (DIG. 234 takes precedence)
DIG 233  DD  .~.~ Burn-up control [G21C-17/06D] *** (DIG. 234 takes precedence)
DIG 234  DD  .~.~ Control of spherical elements [G21C-17/06F]
DIG 235  DD  .~ Structural combination of reactor core or moderator structure with viewing means (e.g., with television camera, periscope, window) [G21C-17/08]
DIG 236  DD  .~ Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments (e.g., for measuring temperature) [G21C-17/10]
DIG 237  DD  .~.~ Measuring reactivity [G21C-17/10B]
DIG 238  DD  .~.~ Measuring the reactor flux within the reactor (e.g., within its pressure vessel) [G21C-17/10D]
DIG 239  DD  .~.~ Measuring the temperature [G21C-17/10E]
DIG 240  DD  .~.~ Passages and insulators for electric cables and for measuring purposes [G21C-17/10G]
DIG 241  DD  .~.~ The sensitive element being part of a fuel element or a fuel assembly [G21C-17/10S] *** (structural combination with a thermoelectric element for direct production of electrical energy DIG. 84)
DIG 242  DD  .~.~ Sensitive element forming part of control element [G21C-17/12]
DIG 243  DD  .~ Period meters [G21C-17/14]
DIG 244  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR TREATING, FOR HANDLING, OR FOR FACILITATING THE HANDLING OF, FUEL OR OTHER MATERIALS WHICH ARE USED WITHIN THE REACTOR (e.g., within its pressure vessel) [G21C-19/00]
DIG 245  DD  .~ Details of handling arrangements [G21C-19/02]
DIG 246  DD  .~.~ Means for controlling flow of coolant over objects being handled; Means for controlling flow of coolant through channel being serviced (e.g., for preventing "blow-out") [G21C-19/04]
DIG 247  DD  .~.~ Magazines for holding fuel element or control elements [G21C-19/06]
DIG 248  DD  .~.~.~ Storage racks; Storage pools [G21C-19/06B]
DIG 249  DD  .~.~.~ Rotatable magazines [G21C-19/06D]
DIG 250  DD  .~.~ Means for heating fuel elements before introduction into the core; Means for heating or cooling fuel elements after removal from the core [G21C-19/08]
DIG 251  DD  .~.~ Lifting devices or pulling devices adapted for cooperation with fuel elements or with control elements [G21C-19/10]
DIG 252  DD  .~.~.~ With grasping or spreading coupling elements [G21C-19/10B]
DIG 253  DD  .~.~.~ With revolving coupling elements (e.g., socket coupling) [G21C-19/10D]
DIG 254  DD  .~.~.~ With latching devices and ball couplings [G21C-19/10F]
DIG 255  DD  .~.~ Arrangements for exerting direct hydraulic or pneumatic force on fuel element or on control element [G21C-19/12]
DIG 256  DD  .~ Characterized by their adaptation for use with horizontal channels in the reactor core [G21C-19/14]
DIG 257  DD  .~ Articulated or telescopic chutes or tubes for the connection to channels in the reactor core [G21C-19/16]
DIG 258  DD  .~ Apparatus for bringing fuel elements to the reactor charge area (e.g., from a storage place) [G21C-19/18]
DIG 259  DD  .~ Arrangements for introducing object into the pressure vessel; Arrangements for handling objects within the pressure vessel; Arrangements for removing objects from the pressure vessel [G21C-19/20]
DIG 260  DD  .~.~ Arrangements for handling ball-form (i.e., pebble fuel) [G21C-19/20A]
DIG 261  DD  .~.~ Interchanging of fuel elements in the core (fuel shuffling) [G21C-19/20B]
DIG 262  DD  .~.~ Arrangements for obtaining access to the interior of a pressure vessel while the reactor is operating [G21C-19/22]
DIG 263  DD  .~.~.~ By using an auxiliary vessel which is temporarily sealed to the pressure vessel [G21C-19/24]
DIG 264  DD  .~ Arrangements for removing jammed or damaged fuel elements or control elements; Arrangements for moving broken parts thereof [G21C-19/26]
DIG 265  DD  .~ Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core [G21C-19/28] *** (pumping coolant DIG. 199+ and 294)
DIG 266  DD  .~.~ With continuous purification of circulating fluent material (e.g., by extraction of fission products, deterioration or corrosion products, impurities (e.g., by cold traps) [G21C-19/30] *** (purification of circulating fluid fuels DIG. 281; separation in general B01D)
DIG 267  DD  .~.~.~ Specially adapted for gases [G21C-19/30B] *** (decontamination of gases DIG. 378)
DIG 268  DD  .~.~.~ Specially adapted for liquids [G21C-19/30D] *** (decontamination of liquids DIG. 379)
DIG 269  DD  .~.~.~.~ For molten metals [G21C-19/30D2]
DIG 270  DD  .~.~.~.~.~ Using "cold traps" [G21C-19/30D2B]
DIG 271  DD  .~.~.~ Recombination devices [G21C-19/30R]
DIG 272  DD  .~ Apparatus for removing radioactive objects or materials from the reactor discharge area (e.g., to a storage place); Apparatus for handling radioactive objects or materials within a storage place or removing them therefrom [G21C-19/32] *** (disposal of waste material DIG. 375+)
DIG 273  DD  .~ Apparatus or processes for removing canning or casings from fuel; Separation of fuel and jacket material; also fuel elements, perforation (e.g., for sampling); Separation of fuel elements and fuel element-jackets in pieces; removal of end closures [G21C-19/34] *** (shielded cells DIG. 355+)
DIG 274  DD  .~.~ Mechanical means only [G21C-19/36]
DIG 275  DD  .~.~ Chemical means only [G21C-19/38]
DIG 276  DD  .~ Arrangements for preventing occurence of critical conditions (e.g., during storage) [G21C-19/40]
DIG 277  DD  .~ Reprocessing of irradiated fuel [G21C-19/42]
DIG 278  DD  .~.~ Of irradiated solid fuel [G21C-19/44]
DIG 279  DD  .~.~.~ Aqueous processes (e.g., by using organic extraction means, including the regeneration of these means) [G21C-19/46]
DIG 280  DD  .~.~.~ Nonaqueous processes [G21C-19/48]
DIG 281  DD  .~.~ Of irradiated fuel; also the regeneration of the fuels while the reactor is in operation [G21C-19/50]
DIG 282  DD  APPARATUS OR PROCESSES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF REACTORS OR PARTS THEREOF [G21C-21/00] *** (in general Section B, e.g., B23)
DIG 283  DD  .~ Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in nonactive casings [G21C-21/02]
DIG 284  DD  .~.~ By vibrational compaction or tamping of fuel in the jacket [G21C-21/04]
DIG 285  DD  .~.~ By rotatable swaging of the jacket around the fuel [G21C-21/06]
DIG 286  DD  .~.~ By a slip-fit cladding process; by crimping the jacket around the fuel [G21C-21/08]
DIG 287  DD  .~.~ By extrusion, drawing, or stretching; by rolling (e.g., "picture frame" technique) [G21C-21/10]
DIG 288  DD  .~.~ By hydrostatic or thermo-pneumatic cannings (in general by pressing without lenthening, e.g., explosive coating) [G21C-21/12]
DIG 289  DD  .~.~ By plating the fuel in a fluid [G21C-21/14]
DIG 290  DD  .~.~ By casting or dipping techniques [G21C-21/16]
DIG 291  DD  .~.~ Manufacture of control elements covered by DIG. 113+ [G21C-21/18]
DIG 292  DD  DETAILS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT [G21D-1/00] *** (control DIG. 296)
DIG 293  DD  .~ Nuclear facilities decommissioning arrangements [G21D-1/00B] *** (decontamination arrangements; treating radioactively contaminated material DIG. 375+)
DIG 294  DD  .~ Arrangements of auxiliary equipment [G21D-1/02]
DIG 295  DD  .~ Pumping arrangements [G21D-1/04] *** (within the reactor pressure vessel DIG. 199+; electrodynamic pumps H02K-44/02)
DIG 296  DD  CONTROL OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT [G21D-3/00] *** (control of nuclear reaction in general DIG. 113)
DIG 297  DD  .~ Manual control [G21D-3/02]
DIG 298  DD  .~ Safety arrangements [G21D-3/04] *** (emergency protection of reactor DIG. 139+)
DIG 299  DD  .~.~ Responsive to faults within the plant [G21D-3/06] *** (in the reactor DIG. 139+)
DIG 300  DD  .~ Regulation of any parameters in the plant [G21D-3/08]
DIG 301  DD  .~.~ By a combination of a variable derived from neutron flux with other controlling variables (e.g., derived from temperature, cooling flow, pressure) [G21D-3/10]
DIG 302  DD  .~.~ By adjustment of the reactor in response only to changes in engine demand [G21D-3/12]
DIG 303  DD  .~.~.~ Varying flow of coolant [G21D-3/14]
DIG 304  DD  .~.~.~ Varying reactivity [G21D-3/16]
DIG 305  DD  .~.~ By adjustment of plant external to the reactor only in response to change in reactivity [G21D-3/18]
DIG 306  DD  ARRANGEMENTS OF REACTOR AND ENGINE IN WHICH REACTOR-PRODUCED HEAT IS CONVERTED INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY [G21D-5/00]
DIG 307  DD  .~ Reactor and engine structurally combined (e.g., portable) [G21D-5/02]
DIG 308  DD  .~ Reactor and engine not structurally combined [G21D-5/04]
DIG 309  DD  .~.~ With engine working medium circulating through reactor core [G21D-5/06]
DIG 310  DD  .~.~ With engine working medium heated in a heat exhanger by the reactor coolant [G21D-5/08]
DIG 311  DD  .~.~.~ Liquid working medium partially heated by reactor and vaporized by heat source external to the core (e.g., with oil heating) [G21D-5/10]
DIG 312  DD  .~.~.~ Liquid working medium vaporized by reactor coolant [G21D-5/12]
DIG 313  DD  .~.~.~.~ And also superheated by reactor coolant [G21D-5/14]
DIG 314  DD  .~.~.~.~ Superheated by separate heat source [G21D-5/16]
DIG 315  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR DIRECT PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM FUSION OR FISSION REACTIONS [G21D-7/00] *** (obtaining electric energy from radioactive sources DIG. 410)
DIG 316  DD  .~ Using magneto-hydrodynamic generators [G21D-7/02]
DIG 317  DD  .~ Using thermoelectric elements and/or thermoionic converters [G21D-7/04] *** (structural combination of fuel element with thermoelectric element and/or thermoionic converter DIG. 84; structural combination of fuel element with thermoelectric element DIG. 415, DIG. 84)
DIG 318  DD  ARRANGEMENTS TO PROVIDE HEAT FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN CONVERSION INTO POWER (e.g., for heating buildings) [G21D-9/00]
DIG 319  DD  SHIELDING CHARACTERIZED BY THE COMPOSITION OF THE MATERIALS [G21F-1/00]
DIG 320  DD  .~ Selection of uniform shielding materials [G21F-1/02]
DIG 321  DD  .~.~ Liquids [G21F-1/02B]
DIG 322  DD  .~.~ Semi-liquids, gels, pastes [G21F-1/02C]
DIG 323  DD  .~.~ Concretes; Other hydraulic hardening materials [G21F-1/04]
DIG 324  DD  .~.~.~ Combined with other materials dispersed in the carrier [G21F-1/04B]
DIG 325  DD  .~.~.~.~ With organic substances [G21F-1/04B2]
DIG 326  DD  .~.~.~.~ With metals [G21F-1/04B4]
DIG 327  DD  .~.~ Ceramics; Glasses; Refractories [G21F-1/06] *** (cermets DIG. 328)
DIG 328  DD  .~.~ Metals; Alloys; Cermets (i.e., sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals) [G21F-1/08]
DIG 329  DD  .~.~.~ Heavy metals or alloys [G21F-1/08B]
DIG 330  DD  .~.~ Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers [G21F-1/10]
DIG 331  DD  .~.~.~ Dispersions in organic carriers [G21F-1/10B]
DIG 332  DD  .~.~.~.~ Metallic dispersions [G21F-1/10B2]
DIG 333  DD  .~ Laminated shielding materials [G21F-1/12]
DIG 334  DD  .~.~ Comprising metals [G21F-1/12B]
DIG 335  DD  SHIELDING CHARACTERIZED BY ITS PHYSICAL FORM (e.g., granules or shape of the material) [G21F-3/00]
DIG 336  DD  .~ Clothing [G21F-3/02]
DIG 337  DD  .~.~ Clothing surrounding the wearer completely [G21F-3-02B]
DIG 338  DD  .~.~ Aprons [G21F-3/02C]
DIG 339  DD  .~.~ Gloves [G21F-3/02D] *** (mounting means on glove boxes DIG. 363)
DIG 340  DD  .~ Bricks; Shields made up therefrom [G21F-3/04]
DIG 341  DD  TRANSPORTABLE OR PORTABLE SHIELDED CONTAINERS [G21F-5/00]
DIG 342  DD  .~ Containers for fluid wastes [G21F-5/00A]
DIG 343  DD  .~ Containers for solid radioactive wastes (e.g., ultimate disposal containers) [G21F-5/00B] *** (DIG. 347 takes precedence)
DIG 344  DD  .~.~ Containers for fuel elements [G21F-5/00B2]
DIG 345  DD  .~.~.~ Fuel element racks in the container [G21F-5/00B2B]
DIG 346  DD  .~ Shock absorbers, specially adapted therefor (e.g., impact buffers for containers) [G21F5-00D]
DIG 347  DD  .~ Containers provided with a rotatable drum [G21F-5/00F]
DIG 348  DD  .~ Specially adapted heat removal systems (e.g., by a circulating fluid or by cooling fins.); Specially adapted protection against external fire [G21F-5/00H]
DIG 349  DD  .~ Closures for containers or corresponding sealing arrangements [G21F-5/00J]
DIG 350  DD  .~ For storing radioactive sources (e.g., source carriers for irradiation units); Radio isotope containers [G21F-5/00L]
DIG 351  DD  .~.~ Syringe shields and holders [G21F-5/00L2]
DIG 352  DD  .~ Specially adapted containers or shipping cask handling devices (e.g., transporting devices) [G21F-5/00N]
DIG 353  DD  .~ With provision for restricted exposure of a radiation source within the container [G21F-5/02]
DIG 354  DD  .~.~ Means for controlling exposure (e.g., time, size of aperture) [G21F-5/04]
DIG 355  DD  SHIELDED CELLS OR ROOMS [G21F-7/00]
DIG 356  DD  .~ Shielded passages through walls; Locks; Transferring devices between rooms [G21F-7/00B] *** (between glove-boxes DIG. 362)
DIG 357  DD  .~.~ Transferring by fluidic means [G21F-7/00B2]
DIG 358  DD  .~ Room atmosphere, temperature or pressure control devices [G21F-7/00C] *** (glove-boxes DIG. 364)
DIG 359  DD  .~ Observation devices permitting vision but shielding the observer (e.g., window, periscope) [G21F-7/02]
DIG 360  DD  .~.~ Windows (e.g., shielded) [G21F-7/02B]
DIG 361  DD  .~ Shielded glove-boxes [G21F-7/04]
DIG 362  DD  .~.~ Shielded passages through walls; Locks; Closing or transferring means between glove-boxes [G21F-7/04B] *** (in general DIG. 356)
DIG 363  DD  .~.~ Glove mounting means [G21F-7/04C]
DIG 364  DD  .~.~ Glove-box atmosphere, temperature or pressure control devices [G21F-7/04D] *** (in general DIG. 358)
DIG 365  DD  .~.~ Lighting [G21F-7/04F]
DIG 366  DD  .~.~ Transportable glove-boxes [G21F-7/04G]
DIG 367  DD  .~ Structural combination with remotely controlled apparatus (e.g., with manipulators) [G21F-7/06]
DIG 368  DD  .~.~ Integrated manipulators [G21F-7/06B]
DIG 369  DD  .~.~.~ Mounted in a wall (e.g., pivotably mounted) [G21F-7/06B2]
DIG 370  DD  .~.~ Remotely manipulated measuring or controlling devices [G21F-7/06C] *** (combined with window DIG. 359)
DIG 371  DD  .~.~ Remotely manipulated machinery [G21F-7/06D]
DIG 372  DD  .~.~ Remotely manipulated tools [G21F-7/06F]
DIG 373  DD  .~.~ Transferring devices within cells or boxes [G21F-7/06G] *** (between cells DIG. 356, 362)
DIG 374  DD  .~.~ Remotely manipulating devices for fluids [G21F-7/06H]
DIG 375  DD  DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL [G21F-9/00]
DIG 376  DD  .~ Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof [G21F-9/00B]
DIG 377  DD  .~ Recovery of isotopes from radioactive waste (e.g., fission products [G21F-9/00C]
DIG 378  DD  .~ Treating gases [G21F-9/02]
DIG 379  DD  .~ Treating liquids [G21F-9/04]
DIG 380  DD  .~.~ Processing [G21F-9/06]
DIG 381  DD  .~.~.~ By evaporation; by distillation [G21F-9/08]
DIG 382  DD  .~.~.~ By flocculation [G21F-9/10]
DIG 383  DD  .~.~.~ By absorption; by adsorption; by ion exchange [G21F-9/12]
DIG 384  DD  .~.~.~ By incineration; by calcination (e.g., desiccation) [G21F-9/14]
DIG 385  DD  .~.~.~ By fixation in stable solid media [G21F-9/16]
DIG 386  DD  .~.~.~ By biological processes [G21F-9/18]
DIG 387  DD  .~.~ Disposal of liquid waste [G21F-9/20]
DIG 388  DD  .~.~.~ By storage in a tank or other container [G21F-9/22]
DIG 389  DD  .~.~.~ By storage in the ground; by storage underwater (e.g., in ocean) [G21F-9/24]
DIG 390  DD  .~.~.~ By dilution in water (e.g., in ocean, in stream) [G21F-9/26]
DIG 391  DD  .~ Treating solids [G21F-9/28]
DIG 392  DD  .~.~ Processing [G21F-9/30]
DIG 393  DD  .~.~.~ By incineration [G21F-9/32]
DIG 394  DD  .~.~ Disposal of solid waste [G21F-9/34]
DIG 395  DD  .~.~.~ By packaging; by baling [G21F-9/36]
DIG 396  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONVERTING CHEMICAL ELEMENTS BY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT (e.g., producing radioactive isotopes) [G21G-1/00]
DIG 397  DD  .~ In nuclear reactors {G21G-1/02]
DIG 398  DD  .~ Outside of nuclear reactors or particle accelerators [G21G-1/04]
DIG 399  DD  .~.~ By neutron irradiation [G21G-1/06]
DIG 400  DD  .~.~.~ Accompanied by nuclear fission [G21G-1/08]
DIG 401  DD  .~.~ By bombardment with electrically charged particles [G21G-1/10] *** (irradiation devices DIG. 440+)
DIG 402  DD  .~.~ By electromagnetic irradiation (e.g., with gamma or X-rays) [G21G-1/12] *** (applications of radiation DIG. 421; irradiation devices DIG. 440+)
DIG 403  DD  RADIOACTIVE SOURCES [G21G-4/00] *** (producing neutrons or other subatomic particles, X- or gamma rays, in fusion reactors DIG. 1+, in nuclear reactors DIG. 5+; in accelerators H05H; X-ray tubes H01J-35/00; gamma masers H01S-4/00)
DIG 404  DD  .~ Neutron sources [G21G-4/02]
DIG 405  DD  .~ Radioactive sources other than neutron sources [G21G-4/04]
DIG 406  DD  .~.~ Characterized by constructional features [G21G-4/06]
DIG 407  DD  .~.~.~ Specially adapted for medical application [G21G-4/08]
DIG 408  DD  .~.~ With radium emanation [G21G-4/10]
DIG 409  DD  ALLEGED CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS BY CHEMICAL REACTION [G21G-5/00]
DIG 410  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTRAINING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES (e.g., from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries) [G21H-1/00] *** (fusion reactors DIG. 1+; nuclear reactors DIG. 5+)
DIG 411  DD  .~ Cells charged directly by beta radiation [G21H-1/02]
DIG 412  DD  .~ Cells using secondary emission induced by alpha radiation, beta radiation, or gamma radiation [G21H-1/04] *** (discharge tubes H01J-40/00)
DIG 413  DD  .~ Cells wherein radiation is applied to the junction of different semiconductor materials [G21H-1/06]
DIG 414  DD  .~ Cells in which radiation ionizes a gas in the presence of a junction of two dissimilar metals (i.e., contact potential difference cells) [G21H-1/08] *** (discharge tubes H01J)
DIG 415  DD  .~ Cells in which radiation of disintegration heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter [G21H-1/10] *** (devices where heating occurs from fission reactions DIG. 39; discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators H01J-45/00; thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials H01L-35/00)
DIG 416  DD  .~.~ Cells provided with thermoelectric generators [G21H-1/10B]
DIG 417  DD  .~.~ Cells provided with thermionic generators [G21H-1/10C]
DIG 418  DD  .~ Cells using conversion of the radiation into light combined with subsequent photoelectric conversion into electric energy [G21H-1/12]
DIG 419  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR DIRECT CONVERSION OF RADIATION ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES TO FORMS OF ENERGY OTHER THAN ELECTRIC ENERGY (e.g., light) [G21H-3/00]
DIG 420  DD  .~ In which material is excited to luminesce by the radiation [G21H-3/02]
DIG 421  DD  APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES OR ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR [G21H-5/00] ***
DIG 422  DD  .~ As tracers [G21H-5/02] *** (medicinal preparations containing radioactive substances A61K-43/00; investigating or analyzing biological material G01N-33/16)
DIG 423  DD  NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICES; "ATOMIC BOMBS") [G21J-1/00]
DIG 424  DD  PEACEFUL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICES [G21J-3/00] *** (obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable material from deep wells by means of nuclear energy E21B-43/236F, 43/24F)
DIG 425  DD  .~ For excavation [G21J-3/02]
DIG 426  DD  DETECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS [G21J-5/00] *** (individual measuring devices G01N)
DIG 427  DD  ARRANGEMENTS FOR HANDLING RADIATION OR PARTICLES (e.g., focusing, moderating [G21K-1/00] *** (radiation filters DIG. 435)
DIG 428  DD  .~ Using diaphragms, collimators [G21K-1/02]
DIG 429  DD  .~.~ Using multiple collimators (e.g., Bucky screens); other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation [G21K-1/02B]
DIG 430  DD  .~.~ Using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers [G21K-1/04]
DIG 431  DD  .~ Using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g., monochromators [G21K-1/06] *** (DIG. 435, 445 take precedence)
DIG 432  DD  .~ Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means [G21K-1/08] *** (electron-optical arrangements in electric discharge tubes H01J-29/46; details (e.g., electric or magnetic deviating means for direct voltage accelerators or in accelerators using single pulses) H05H-5/02; arrangements for injecting particles into orbits H05H-7/08; arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits H05H-7/10)
DIG 433  DD  .~.~ By electrical means [G21K-1/087]
DIG 434  DD  .~.~ By magnetic means [G21K-1/093]
DIG 435  DD  .~ Scattering devices; Absorbing devices [G21K-1/10]
DIG 436  DD  .~.~ Resonant absorbers or driving arrangements therefor (e.g., for Moessbauer-effect devices) [G21K-1/12] *** (motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system in general H02K-33/00)
DIG 437  DD  .~ Using charge exchange devices (e.g., for neutralizing or changing the sign of the electrical charges of beams) [G21K-1/14] *** (producing or accelerating neutral particle beams H05H-3/00)
DIG 438  DD  .~ Using polarizing devices (e.g., for obtaining a polarized beam) [G21K-1/16] *** (ion sources, ion guns H01J-27/02; polarized targets for producing nuclear reactions H05H-6/00B)
DIG 439  DD  CONVERSION SCREENS FOR THE CONVERSION OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF X-RAYS OR PARTICLE RADIATION INTO VISIBLE IMAGES (e.g., fluoroscopic screens) [G21K-4/00] *** (photographic processes using X-ray intensifiers G03C-5/17; discharge tubes comprising luminescent screens H01J-1/62; cathode-ray tubes for X-ray conversion with optical output H01J-31/50)
DIG 440  DD  IRRADIATION DEVICES [G21K-5/00] *** (discharge tubes for irradiating H01J-37/00)
DIG 441  DD  .~ Having no beam-forming means [G21K-5/02]
DIG 442  DD  .~ With beam-forming means [G21K-5/04]
DIG 443  DD  .~ Holder for targets or for other objects to be irradiated [G21K-5/08]
DIG 444  DD  .~ With provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated [G21K-5/10]
DIG 445  DD  GAMMA- OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES [G21K-7/00]