US Patent Class 376
INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTIONS: PROCESSES, SYSTEMS, AND ELEMENTS




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Current as of: June, 1999
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  DF  CLASS NOTES
100  DF  NUCLEAR FUSION
101  DF  .~ Pellet guidance systems (e.g., pellet injection means)
102  DF  .~ Inertial confinement (e.g., nuclear explosive)
103  DF  .~.~ Photon beam (e.g., laser) irradiation
104  DF  .~.~.~ Optics
105  DF  .~.~ Particle beam irradiation (excluding photons)
106  DF  .~.~.~ Ion beam irradiation
107  DF  .~ Fusion reaction by plural colliding plasmas or particle beams
108  DF  .~ Including accelerating particles into a stationary or static target (e.g., Cockcroft-Walton generator type)
109  DF  .~.~ With target replenishing
110  DF  .~.~ With means for modifying the resultant neutron output, e.g., moderator means
111  DF  .~.~ With means to pulsate ion beam
112  DF  .~.~ Cyclotron type acceleration of nuclei
113  DF  .~.~ With electrostatic voltage generating means
114  DF  .~.~ Self-contained neutron sources (e.g., neutron or accelerator tube)
115  DF  .~.~.~ With cooled electrodes or target
116  DF  .~.~.~ With ion beam collimator or filtering structure (e.g., extractor electrode)
117  DF  .~.~ With ion beam collimator or filtering structure
118  DF  .~.~ Subterranean sources
119  DF  .~.~ With control circuitry
120  DF  .~ Including bunched particle beam
121  DF  .~ Magnetic confinement of plasma
122  DF  .~.~ Plasma formed in situ by laser
123  DF  .~.~ Principal heating by wave energy
124  DF  .~.~.~ Heating by time varying magnetic field (e.g., by compression)
125  DF  .~.~ Imploding liners
126  DF  .~.~ With enveloping charged particle confinement (e.g., E or P layer)
127  DF  .~.~ With injection of electrically charged or accelerated particles
128  DF  .~.~.~ Plasma injection
129  DF  .~.~.~ Negatively charged particle injection
130  DF  .~.~.~ Neutral particle injection
131  DF  .~.~ Auxiliary heating
132  DF  .~.~.~ Electromagnetic wave energy
133  DF  .~.~ Toroidal confinement of plasma
134  DF  .~.~.~ Divertors
135  DF  .~.~.~.~ Effuser
136  DF  .~.~.~ Limiters or liners
137  DF  .~.~.~ With solid internal conductor
138  DF  .~.~.~ Bumpy torus
139  DF  .~.~ Linear confinement
140  DF  .~.~.~ Mirror devices
141  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plasma formed or contained between spaced electrodes
142  DF  .~.~ Magnetic structure
143  DF  .~.~ With circuitry
144  DF  .~ Plasma formed between spaced electrodes
145  DF  .~.~ Plasma focus
146  DF  .~ Including removal or use of impurities or reaction products (e.g., energy)
147  DF  .~.~ Direct conversion of energy
148  DF  .~.~ Including use of heat or radiation to effect a chemical reaction
149  DF  .~ Shock wave heating of plasma or gas (e.g., MHD heating)
150  DF  .~ Chamber structure or material
151  DF  .~ Fusion targets or pellets
152  DF  .~.~ For inertial confinement
153  DF  DETECTION OF RADIATION BY AN INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTION
154  DF  .~ By fission
155  DF  .~ With boron
156  DF  NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION (E.G., BY MEANS OF PARTICLE OR WAVE ENERGY)
157  DF  .~ Gamma or charged particle activation analysis
158  DF  .~ By neutron bombardment
159  DF  .~.~ Neutron activation analysis
160  DF  .~.~.~ Subterranean
161  DF  .~.~.~.~ Specific nuclides
162  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Metals
163  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Aluminum, silicon
164  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Uranium
165  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Hydrogen, chlorine
166  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Oxygen, carbon
167  DF  .~.~.~.~ With tracer injection
168  DF  .~.~ Halogens
169  DF  .~.~.~ Iodine
170  DF  .~.~ Actinides
171  DF  .~.~.~ Breeder or converter reactor structures
172  DF  .~.~.~.~ Fertile fuel assembly structure or arrangement
173  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having internal fertile regions
174  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having particular coolant fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core
175  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Orifice or fluid control at inlet or outlet of coolant channels
176  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Hydraulic holddown
177  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Plural coolant loops or passes through reactor core
178  DF  .~.~.~.~ Fuel assembly holddown or support
179  DF  .~.~.~.~ Coolant manipulated and used exterior of reactor core
180  DF  .~.~.~ Formation of uranium isotopes
181  DF  .~.~.~.~ Uranium 233
182  DF  .~.~.~ Formation of plutonium isotopes
183  DF  .~.~ Doping of semiconductors
184  DF  .~.~ Rare earths
185  DF  .~.~ Alkali and alkaline elements
186  DF  .~.~ Molybdenum, technetium
187  DF  .~.~ Lead, polonium, bismuth
188  DF  .~.~ Sulfur, phosphorus
189  DF  .~.~ With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)
190  DF  .~ By charged particle bombardment
191  DF  .~.~ Alpha-neutron sources
192  DF  .~.~ To produce spallation reactions
193  DF  .~.~.~ To produce fissile isotopes
194  DF  .~.~ Proton bombardment
195  DF  .~.~.~ With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)
196  DF  .~.~ Alpha (helium nucleus) bombardment
197  DF  .~.~.~ Wherein the reaction product is an actinide or transuranium element
198  DF  .~.~.~ With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)
199  DF  .~.~ Deuteron bombardment
200  DF  .~.~.~ Wherein the reaction product is an actinide or transuranium element
201  DF  .~.~.~ With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)
202  DF  .~ Irradiation capsule, holder, or support
203  DF  SEAL ARRANGEMENTS
204  DF  .~ For nozzle
205  DF  .~ Between pressure vessel cover and vessel or portion thereof
206  DF  .~.~ Rotating plug-type cover
207  DF  WITH CONTROL OF REACTOR (E.G., CONTROL OF COOLANT FLOW)
208  DF  .~ Pulsed reactors
209  DF  .~ Spectral shift
210  DF  .~ By coolant flow
211  DF  .~.~ Exterior of core (e.g., secondary loop control)
212  DF  .~ By altering quantity of characteristic of fuel within critical area
213  DF  .~.~ Wherein control element includes a fissile material
214  DF  .~ Reactor start-up
215  DF  .~ By electronic signal processing circuitry (e.g., plural redundant circuits)
216  DF  .~.~ Plural sensed different conditions or measured variables correlated
217  DF  .~.~.~ Control programs
218  DF  .~.~.~.~ Xenon control
219  DF  .~ By movement of control element or by release of neutron absorbing material
220  DF  .~.~ Wherein the control element is a reflector or moderator material
221  DF  .~.~.~ Variable fluent reflector/moderator level or density
222  DF  .~.~.~.~ Moderator dump
223  DF  .~.~ Rotatable control elements
224  DF  .~.~ Finger-type control elements (insertable into fuel element positions)
225  DF  .~.~.~ Including shock absorber
226  DF  .~.~ Wherein control element is driven directly into bed of fuel elements
227  DF  .~.~ Control element movable by means of cable and winch, chains or reels
228  DF  .~.~ Wherein driver or motivating is electric
229  DF  .~.~.~ Electrofluidic
230  DF  .~.~ Wherein driver or motivating is fluid
231  DF  .~.~.~ Pneumatic
232  DF  .~.~ By motion transforming means, e.g., rack and pinion
233  DF  .~.~ Releasable coupling
234  DF  .~.~ Including shock absorber
235  DF  .~.~ Means for locking control element in desired position
236  DF  .~.~ Including control rod insertion and removal schemes
237  DF  .~.~.~ Group movement of control elements
238  DF  .~.~.~ Setback
239  DF  .~.~ Rod or support carrying plural elements or diverse materials
240  DF  .~ Sensing or detecting device attached to, embedded in, or integral with control element
241  DF  .~ Power output control (e.g., load follows with steam dump)
242  DF  .~ Means to inhibit control rod movement
243  DF  .~ With cooling of control element
244  DF  .~ Temperature reactivity control
245  DF  TESTING, SENSING, MEASURING, OR DETECTING A FISSION REACTOR CONDITION
246  DF  .~ Flowmeters
247  DF  .~ Temperature or pressure measurement
248  DF  .~ Optics
249  DF  .~ Vessel monitoring or inspection
250  DF  .~ Leak detection
251  DF  .~.~ Fuel element leak detection
252  DF  .~.~.~ By acoustic or ultrasonic wave energy
253  DF  .~.~.~ By the detection of fission products external to the fuel element
254  DF  .~ Flux monitoring
255  DF  .~.~ Directly generating electrical signal (e.g., ion detection)
256  DF  .~ Gas sensors (e.g., hydrogen detectors)
257  DF  .~ Fuel assay (e.g., burnup)
258  DF  .~ Position detection
259  DF  .~ By particular instrumentation circuitry
260  DF  HANDLING OF FISSION REACTOR COMPONENT STRUCTURE WITHIN REACTOR SYSTEM
261  DF  .~ Fuel component
262  DF  .~.~ Including handling of a second different, diverse reactor component (e.g., control element, moderator element, vessel cover removal)
263  DF  .~.~.~ With pressure vessel cover removal
264  DF  .~.~ Charging or discharging of fuel
265  DF  .~.~.~ Refueling ball-type reactors
266  DF  .~.~.~.~ Means for separating low exposure from high exposure elements
267  DF  .~.~.~ Refueling schemes, patterns, or fuel cycles (e.g., in/out systems)
268  DF  .~ Refueling machines
269  DF  .~.~ With magazine
270  DF  .~.~ With nonaxial transfer capability
271  DF  .~.~ Upper axial transfer
272  DF  .~ Storage container systems for new and/or irradiated core elements
273  DF  SUBTERRANEAN REACTOR STRUCTURES (E.G., UNDERGROUND CONTAINMENT, UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIVE)
274  DF  .~ For minimizing radioactive contamination within an underground chamber or of the material removed therefrom
275  DF  .~ For extracting materials or energy from the earth
276  DF  .~.~ In the form of heated water or steam
277  DF  REACTOR PROTECTION OR DAMAGE PREVENTION
278  DF  .~ By minimizing positive coolant void coefficient
279  DF  .~ Fire extinguishing or prevention
280  DF  .~ Core catchers
281  DF  .~ Fluid flow reversal protection
282  DF  .~ Emergency core coolant systems (e.g., injecting coolant into reactor or pipe systems)
283  DF  .~ Pressure suppression and relief
284  DF  .~.~ By fusible means (e.g., ice)
285  DF  .~ Expansion means (e.g., shock absorbers, roller bearings)
286  DF  .~.~ Pipe expansion joints
287  DF  .~ Shield or barrier between radiation or heat source and object to be protected (e.g., insulation, thermal shield)
288  DF  .~.~ Particular materials
289  DF  .~.~ Thermal insulation
290  DF  .~.~.~ For liquid metal cooled fast reactors (e.g., insulation for vault roof, or for the vessel walls as by a layer of stagnant or quasi-stagnant coolant)
291  DF  .~.~.~ Concentric tubes or conduits with insulation
292  DF  .~.~ Concentric tubes or conduits
293  DF  .~.~ Containment structures
294  DF  .~.~.~ Pressure vessels
295  DF  .~.~.~.~ Concrete
296  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Prestressed
297  DF  .~ With turbine protection means (e.g., turbine trip or overspeed protection means)
298  DF  .~ Auxiliary heat removal structure
299  DF  .~.~ Decay heat removal
300  DF  .~ Recombiners
301  DF  .~.~ Catalytic
302  DF  .~ Core restraint means
303  DF  .~.~ In-core restraint means
304  DF  .~.~ For moderator structures
305  DF  .~ Corrosion or damage prevention
306  DF  .~.~ By addition of material to coolant
307  DF  .~ With pressurizer means
308  DF  FISSION REACTOR MATERIAL (INCLUDING REACTION PRODUCTS) TREATMENT
309  DF  .~ Post accident impurity or contaminant removal
310  DF  .~ Impurity removal
311  DF  .~.~ Reprocessing of fuel during reactor operation
312  DF  .~.~ By cold traps or hot traps
313  DF  .~.~ By filters, ion exchangers, or absorbers
314  DF  .~.~.~ Gas filters (e.g., adsorbers)
315  DF  .~.~.~ Electrostatic or magnetic filters
316  DF  .~.~ By pressurized fluid (i.e., blowdown)
317  DF  COMBINED
318  DF  .~ With propulsion means
319  DF  .~.~ Gaseous core
320  DF  .~ With direct conversion means
321  DF  .~.~ Thermionic
322  DF  .~ For storing excess energy
323  DF  .~ With chemical reaction
324  DF  .~.~ To produce a combustible fuel
325  DF  .~.~.~ Cracking of hydrocarbons
326  DF  .~ With laser
327  DF  CONTROL COMPONENT FOR A FISSION REACTOR
328  DF  .~ Liquid control component
329  DF  .~.~ With vaporization
330  DF  .~.~ Liquid metal control component
331  DF  .~ Gaseous control component
332  DF  .~ Telescopic control devices
333  DF  .~ Wherein concentration of the reactivity affecting material varies radially or axially of the control element
334  DF  .~.~ By utilizing a follower
335  DF  .~ Flexible control element
336  DF  .~ Fuse actuated devices
337  DF  .~.~ Particulate type
338  DF  .~ Particulate type (e.g., balls)
339  DF  .~ Nonconventional control material
340  DF  REACTOR STRUCTURES WITH TESTING OR IRRADIATION FACILITIES
341  DF  .~ With material holder or support positioned outside the radiation source
342  DF  .~ With provision for insertion of material to be irradiated into the radiation means
343  DF  .~.~ Flux trap reactor structures
344  DF  .~.~ By fluid pressure
345  DF  .~.~.~ Wherein the fluid is a liquid
346  DF  EPI-THERMAL REACTOR STRUCTURES (E.G., INTERMEDIATE NEUTRON SPECTRUM)
347  DF  REACTOR STRUCTURES
348  DF  .~ Fast thermal composite core
349  DF  .~ Flux flattening
350  DF  .~ Moderator component varies in its effective density or materials
351  DF  .~.~ Spaced internal reflectors or moderators
352  DF  .~ Orifice or fluid control at inlet or outlet of coolant channels
353  DF  .~ With particular control rod guide structure
354  DF  .~ Fuel material in contact with and supported by fluid
355  DF  .~.~ Fluidized beds
356  DF  .~.~ Fuel dispersed in liquid moderator, solution, etc.
357  DF  .~.~.~ Vapor forming, separating, or manipulating
358  DF  .~.~.~ With particular in situ reconstitution or modification of fuel moderator material
359  DF  .~.~ Fuel in molten state or in molten vehicle
360  DF  .~.~.~ Fuel in form of fused salt
361  DF  .~ Circulating fluid within reactor
362  DF  .~.~ Fuel assembly supports
363  DF  .~.~.~ Suspended fuel assembly
364  DF  .~.~.~ Fuel assembly holddown or locking means
365  DF  .~.~.~.~ Hydraulic or pneumatic
366  DF  .~.~ Plural fluids or a fluid in plural phases circulating within reactor (e.g., pressure tube reactors)
367  DF  .~.~.~ In heat pipe means
368  DF  .~.~.~ Including chemically distinct gas
369  DF  .~.~.~.~ With formation, separation, or manipulation of a second gas
370  DF  .~.~.~ With formation, separation, or manipulation of a vapor (e.g., boiling water reactor (BWR) type)
371  DF  .~.~.~.~ With vapor-liquid separating means
372  DF  .~.~.~.~ With jet pump
373  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having specified fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core
374  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Plural separate coolant loops through reactor core
375  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With plural, coolant passes through reactor core
376  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Re-entrant type
377  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)
378  DF  .~.~.~.~ Vapor manipulated or used exterior of reactor core
379  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With flow control of fluid within reactor
380  DF  .~.~.~.~ Nonaqueous vapor
381  DF  .~.~ Pebble bed reactor
382  DF  .~.~.~ Having core of separate pebble containers
383  DF  .~.~ Fluid is a gas
384  DF  .~.~.~ Wherein the gas is steam
385  DF  .~.~.~ Having specified flow path or pattern within reactor core
386  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural separate loops
387  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural passes through core
388  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Re-entrant type
389  DF  .~.~.~.~ With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)
390  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With core bypass means (e.g., passage along core barrel or through shield structure)
391  DF  .~.~.~ Manipulated or used exterior of the reactor core
392  DF  .~.~.~.~ With jet pump
393  DF  .~.~.~.~ With coaxial flow
394  DF  .~.~.~.~ With single structure component containment (e.g., pod arrangement)
395  DF  .~.~ Having specified fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core
396  DF  .~.~.~ Plural separate coolant loops through reactor core
397  DF  .~.~.~ Plural passes
398  DF  .~.~.~.~ Re-entrant type
399  DF  .~.~.~ With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)
400  DF  .~.~.~.~ With core bypass means (e.g., passage along core barrel or through shield structure)
401  DF  .~.~.~ One-fluid-type pressure tube reactor
402  DF  .~.~ Manipulated or used exterior of reactor core
403  DF  .~.~.~ Including tank, pool, or reservoir (e.g., swimming pool)
404  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having reactor core and heat exchanger or pump therein
405  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular heat exchanger structure
406  DF  .~.~.~ Compact or integral (e.g., heat exchanger, core, pumps in same vessel)
407  DF  .~.~.~ With jet pumps
408  DF  .~.~.~ With means or structure to flash coolant into vapor
409  DF  FUEL COMPONENT STRUCTURE
410  DF  .~ With means to prevent thinning of the cladding (e.g., amoeba effect)
411  DF  .~ Spherical particles
412  DF  .~ Encased with nonfuel component
413  DF  .~.~ With internal pressurizer
414  DF  .~.~ Coated, preformed, or impregnated layer or part or adhesively bonded layers or parts
415  DF  .~.~.~ Lubricating layer
416  DF  .~.~.~ Multiple or composite cladding-type layers
417  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including getter layer or barrier layer
418  DF  .~.~ Getter, fission product retainer of filter
419  DF  .~.~ Burnable poison
420  DF  .~.~ Interpellet spacing or positioning means
421  DF  .~.~ Homogeneously intermixed
422  DF  .~.~.~ Alloyed fuel
423  DF  .~.~ Moderator or reflector
424  DF  .~.~ Coolant or heat exchange material
425  DF  .~.~ Heat insulating material
426  DF  .~ Plural fuel segments or elements
427  DF  .~.~ In solid moderator block
428  DF  .~.~ Wherein the fissile content varies radially or axially within the same container (e.g., plural fuel layers)
429  DF  .~.~ Complementary segments within same container
430  DF  .~.~ Spherically shaped segments within same container
431  DF  .~.~ Concentric cylindrical elements
432  DF  .~.~ Plate-type fuel elements
433  DF  .~.~ Stacked (e.g., Candu type reactor fuel components)
434  DF  .~.~ In pack or bundle
435  DF  .~.~.~ Wherein the fissile content varies radially or axially across the pack or bundle
436  DF  .~.~.~ Wire-wrapped fuel elements
437  DF  .~.~.~ Having the fuel element ends positioned on or attached to rails
438  DF  .~.~.~ Including grid
439  DF  .~.~.~.~ With coolant flow path deflecting means
440  DF  .~.~.~.~ For ends of fuel elements
441  DF  .~.~.~.~ With nonintegral fuel element contacting means
442  DF  .~.~.~.~ With fuel element contacting protuberance or projection
443  DF  .~.~.~ With coolant flow path deflecting means
444  DF  .~.~.~.~ With coolant flow bypass means
445  DF  .~.~.~ With thermal expansion compensating means
446  DF  .~.~.~ With removable member
447  DF  .~.~.~ Including separate burnable poison or moderator
448  DF  .~.~.~ With means for spacing apart adjacent packs or bundles
449  DF  .~.~.~ Having provision or structure for insertion of control elements therein
450  DF  .~ With condition sensing or indicating means
451  DF  .~ Having particular end closure or seal (e.g., weld, plug, cap, etc.)
452  DF  .~.~ With indexing means
453  DF  .~ Fuel support or covering provided with fins, projections, prongs, etc.)
454  DF  .~.~ With external fins, projections, prongs, etc.
455  DF  .~ Hollow, annular, or graduated fuel layers or members (e.g., concentric, helical, etc.)
456  DF  .~ Vented fuel
457  DF  .~ Nonconventional jacket or can material
458  DF  MODERATOR OR REFLECTOR COMPONENT STRUCTURE FOR A FISSION REACTOR
459  DF  .~ With means for keying or assembling moderator blocks together
460  DF  ROTATING PLUG-TYPE COVER
461  DF  VESSEL SUPPORT (E.G., CORE VESSEL SUPPORTS)
462  DF  GRIDS
463  DF  MISCELLANEOUS
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CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
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900  DF  PARTICULAR MATERIAL OR MATERIAL SHAPES FOR FISSION REACTORS
901  DF  .~ Fuel
902  DF  .~.~ With external lubricating or absorbing material
903  DF  .~.~ Shapes
904  DF  .~ Moderator, reflector, or coolant materials
905  DF  .~.~ Organic
906  DF  .~.~ Metal
907  DF  .~.~ Dissociative coolants
908  DF  REACTOR GEOMETRY (OR PART THEREOF) DEFINED IN TERMS OF NUMERICAL VALUES
909  DF  MOBILE REACTORS
910  DF  ROTATING REACTORS
911  DF  PLURAL REACTOR SYSTEMS
912  DF  NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEMS SITUATED IN THE OCEAN
913  DF  ANTIMATTER DEVICES AND METHODS
914  DF  NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES
915  DF  FUSION REACTOR FUELS
916  DF  METHODS OF MAKING FUSION FUEL TARGETS
917  DF  UTILIZING DIFFERENT FUELS OR FUELS IN DIFFERENT FORMS, IN DIFFERENT REACTOR REGIONS IN RELATION TO AMOUNTS OF HEAT PRODUCED IN SAID REGIONS
918  DF  ENTIRE REACTOR CORE OF SINGLE INTEGRAL STRUCTURE