US PATENT SUBCLASS 435 / 174
CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED ENZYME OR MICROBIAL CELL; CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED CELL; PREPARATION THEREOF

Current as of: June, 1999
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435 /   HD   CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

174CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED ENZYME OR MICROBIAL CELL; CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED CELL; PREPARATION THEREOF {3}
175  DF  .~> Multi-enzyme system
176  DF  .~> Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an inorganic carrier
177  DF  .~> Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an organic carrier {2}

DEFINITION

Classification: 435/174

CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED ENZYME OR MICROBIAL CELL; CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED CELL; PREPARATION THEREOF:

(under the class definition) Subject matter which is an artificially produced composition or complex or compound under the class definition containing microbial cell or enzyme or individual plant or animal cell which imparts to the enzyme or the microorganism or the individual plant or animal cell the property of physical confinement or localization during a continuous biochemical process or the property of enhanced recoverability in a batch process for repeated future use and processes for preparing the same.

(1) Note. Immobilization results from covalent bonding between an enzyme or microorganism and the carrier or an ionic bonding between an enzyme or microorganism and a carrier or sorption of an enzyme or microorganism within a carrier, or entrapment of an enzyme or microorganism within a carrier.

(2) Note. A carrier material may be either water soluble or water insoluble.

(3) Note. Reaction or ultra filtration cells, vials, or beakers which contain enzymes or microorganisms are not considered to be immobilized complexes or compositions.

(4) Note. Enzymes chemically or physically bonded to a water-insoluble matrix, enzymes contained within a polymer or gel, enzymes absorbed on a resin are examples of immobilized enzymes.

(5) Note. Proenzymes are considered to be enzymes for the purpose of this subclass.

(6) Note. When a carrier is composed of more than one material, the patent is placed in the subclass which corresponds to the material to which the enzyme is bound, e.g., a carrier which is a synthetic polymer coated metal is placed in subclass 177.

(7) Note. The carrier material or the carrier material and a covalent bond forming agent impart to the enzyme or the microbial or plant or animal cell the property of physical confinement or localization during a continuous process or the property of enhanced recoverability in a batch process which it did not possess prior to treatment with the carrier material or carrier material and a covalent bonding agent.

(8) Note. A microbial cell for purposes of this subclass includes bacteria, fungi (including yeast), actinomycetales, animal or plant cells, unicellular algae or protozoa.

(9) Note. An enzyme conjugate, enzyme ligand, enzyme adduct for the purpose of this subclass are deemed to enhance enzyme stability.

(10) Note. In documents where it is unclear whether an enzyme joined to a chemical moiety is an immobilized enzyme or is an enzyme conjugate or adduct, the following factors should be considered. A. If the document states that the product is an enzyme conjugate, adduct or ligand bound enzyme placement is proper in subclass 188.B If the ratio of nonenzyme moiety to enzyme is in the range of 0.01-100:1 placement would be indicated in subclass 188. A ratio of 1-40 nonenzyme moieties per enzyme indicates placement in subclass 188. C. If the molecular weight of the nonenzyme moiety is less than about 100,000 placement would be indicated in subclass 188. D. If the intended use of the enzyme containing product is a reagent in competitive assay placement is indicated in subclass 188. If the use of the product is as a catalyst in the preparation of chemical compounds with recoverability (i.e., insolubililty) an important consideration, placement as an immoblized enzyme is indicated in subclasses 174+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

65, Glass Manufacturing, for processes of making glass articles, particularly

447+, for making a resin coated glass fiber; and subclass 22 for making a porous glass article which may find utility as an immobilization agent.

106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for protein containing coating or plastic compositions, particularly

4, 31.24, 31.53, 31.82, 31.94, 124+, 645+, and indented subclasses.

156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,

77+, for pore forming in combination with a laminating step.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 263+, and 660+ for processes and apparatus for ion exchange or sorption of components from a liquid; and subclasses 606 and 632 for a process of use of an immobilized enzyme or microorganism to purify sewage.

260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, various subclasses for

coenzymes or immobilized coenzymes;

112+, for proteins or polypeptides, per se.

264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,

41+, for significant molding processes which include the step of pore forming in situ.

362, Illumination, for cells which are propagated fixed to a surface.

424, and 514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, especially Class 424

19, and 31 for coated products which may contain a protein; Class 424 subclass 94.1+ for a composition containing an enzyme or coenzyme including immobilized forms; and Class 514, subclasses 2+ for a composition containing a protein.

426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, appropriate subclasses, for edible protein compositions or products and related process involving the same.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,

474.1+, for a nonstructural stock material product in the form of a composite web or sheet including a layer comprising protein, and other appropriately titled subclasses, e.g., subclasses 435 and 458; and subclasses 304.4+ for a stock material in the form of a composite web or sheet embodying a component which is porous or cellular. 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for resin containing a chemically combined protein or biologically active polypeptide which is other than an enzyme; see in particular, Class 525, subclases 8+ and 54.1; Class 526,

238.1, ; and Class 527, subclasses 200+.

521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,

25+, for an ion exchange resin and the processes of making or regenerating them; and subclasses 50+ for cellular or porous resinous bodies and the process of preparing them.