US Patent Class 435
CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY




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Current as of: June, 1999
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  DF  CLASS NOTES
1.1  DF  DIFFERENTIATED TISSUE OR ORGAN OTHER THAN BLOOD, PER SE, OR DIFFERENTIATED TISSUE OR ORGAN MAINTAINING; COMPOSITION THEREFOR
1.2  DF  .~ Including perfusion; composition therefor
1.3  DF  .~ Including freezing; composition therefor
2  DF  MAINTAINING BLOOD OR SPERM IN A PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE STATE OR COMPOSITIONS THEREOF OR THEREFOR OR METHODS OF IN VITRO BLOOD CELL SEPARATION OR TREATMENT
3  DF  CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL PROCESS
4  DF  MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESS INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS; COMPOSITION OR TEST STRIP THEREFORE; PROCESSES OF FORMING SUCH COMPOSITION OR TEST STRIP
5  DF  .~ Involving virus or bacteriophage
6  DF  .~ Involving nucleic acid
7.1  DF  .~ Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein assay or specific ligand-receptor binding assay
7.2  DF  .~.~ Involving a micro-organism or cell membrane bound antigen or cell membrane bound receptor or cell membrane bound antibody or microbial lysate
7.21  DF  .~.~.~ Animal cell
7.22  DF  .~.~.~.~ Parasite or protozoa
7.23  DF  .~.~.~.~ Tumor cell or cancer cell
7.24  DF  .~.~.~.~ Leukocyte (e.g., lymphocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, etc.)
7.25  DF  .~.~.~.~ Erythrocyte
7.3  DF  .~.~.~ Flagellar-antigen or pili-antigen
7.31  DF  .~.~.~ Fungi (e.g., yeast, mold, etc.)
7.32  DF  .~.~.~ Bacteria or actinomycetales
7.33  DF  .~.~.~.~ Staphylococcus
7.34  DF  .~.~.~.~ Streptococcus
7.35  DF  .~.~.~.~ Salmonella
7.36  DF  .~.~.~.~ Sexually transmitted disease (e.g., chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.)
7.37  DF  .~.~.~.~ Escherichia coli
7.4  DF  .~.~ To identify an enzyme or isoenzyme
7.5  DF  .~.~ Involving avidin-biotin binding
7.6  DF  .~.~ Involving a modified enzyme (e.g., abzyme, recombinant, chemically altered, etc.)
7.7  DF  .~.~ Assay in which a label present is an apoenzyme, prosthetic group, or enzyme cofactor
7.71  DF  .~.~ Assay in which a label present is an enzyme inhibitor or functions to alter enzyme activity
7.72  DF  .~.~ Assay in which a label present is an enzyme substrate or substrate analogue
7.8  DF  .~.~ Involving nonmembrane bound receptor binding or protein binding other than antigen-antibody binding
7.9  DF  .~.~ Assay in which an enzyme present is a label
7.91  DF  .~.~.~ Enzyme produces product which is part of another reaction system (e.g., cyclic reaction, cascade reaction, etc.)
7.92  DF  .~.~.~ Heterogeneous or solid phase assay system (e.g., ELISA, etc.)
7.93  DF  .~.~.~.~ Competitive assay
7.94  DF  .~.~.~.~ Sandwich assay
7.95  DF  .~.~.~.~ Indirect assay
8  DF  .~ Involving luciferase
9  DF  .~ Geomicrobiological testing (e.g., for petroleum, etc.)
10  DF  .~ Involving uric acid
11  DF  .~ Involving cholesterol
12  DF  .~ Involving urea or urease
13  DF  .~ Involving blood clotting factor (e.g., involving thrombin, thromboplastin, fibrinogen, etc.)
14  DF  .~ Involving glucose or galactose
15  DF  .~ Involving transferase
16  DF  .~.~ Involving transaminase
17  DF  .~.~ Involving creatine phosphokinase
18  DF  .~ Involving hydrolase
19  DF  .~.~ Involving esterase
20  DF  .~.~.~ Involving cholinesterase
21  DF  .~.~.~ Involving phosphatase
22  DF  .~.~ Involving amylase
23  DF  .~.~ Involving proteinase
24  DF  .~.~ Involving peptidase
25  DF  .~ Involving oxidoreductase
26  DF  .~.~ Involving dehydrogenase
27  DF  .~.~ Involving catalase
28  DF  .~.~ Involving peroxidase
29  DF  .~ Involving viable micro-organism
30  DF  .~.~ Methods of sampling or inoculating or spreading a sample; methods of physically isolating an intact micro-organism
31  DF  .~.~ Testing for sterility condition
32  DF  .~.~ Testing for antimicrobial activity of a material
33  DF  .~.~.~ Using multifield media
34  DF  .~.~ Determining presence or kind of micro-organism; use of selective media
35  DF  .~.~.~ Using radioactive material
36  DF  .~.~.~ Streptococcus; staphylococcus
37  DF  .~.~.~ Nitrate to nitrite reducing bacteria
38  DF  .~.~.~ Enterobacteria
39  DF  .~.~.~ Quantitative determination
40  DF  .~.~.~.~ Using multifield media
40.5  DF  .~ Involving fixed or stabilized, nonliving microorganism, cell, or tissue (e.g., processes of staining, stabilizing, dehydrating, etc.; compositions used therefore, etc.)
40.51  DF  .~.~ Involving a monolayer, smear or suspension of microorganisms or cells
40.52  DF  .~.~ Involving tissue sections
41  DF  MICRO-ORGANISM, TISSUE CELL CULTURE OR ENZYME USING PROCESS TO SYNTHESIZE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION
42  DF  .~ Process involving micro-organisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
43  DF  .~ Preparing compound having a 1-thia-4-aza-bicyclo (3.2.0) heptane ring system (e.g., penicillin, etc.)
44  DF  .~.~ By desacylation of the substituent in 6-position
45  DF  .~.~ By acylation of the substituent in 6-position
46  DF  .~.~ In presence of phenyl acetic acid or phenyl acetamide or their derivatives
47  DF  .~ Preparing compound having a 1-thia-5-aza-bicyclo (4.2.0) octane ring system (e.g., cephalosporin, etc.)
48  DF  .~.~ Di-substituted in 7-position
49  DF  .~.~ Cephalosporin C
50  DF  .~.~ By acylation of the substituent in the 7-position
51  DF  .~.~ By desacylation of the substituent in the 7-position
52  DF  .~ Preparing compound containing a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus; nor-, homo-, or D-ring lactone derivatives thereof
53  DF  .~.~ Containing heterocyclic ring
54  DF  .~.~ Acting on D-ring
55  DF  .~.~.~ Acting at 17-position
56  DF  .~.~.~.~ Hydroxylating at 17-position
57  DF  .~.~.~ Hydroxylating at 16-position
58  DF  .~.~ Hydroxylating
59  DF  .~.~.~ At 11-position
60  DF  .~.~.~.~ At 11 alpha position
61  DF  .~.~ Dehydrogenating; dehydroxylating
62  DF  .~.~.~ Forming an aryl ring from "A" ring
63  DF  .~ Preparing compound containing a prostaglandin nucleus
64  DF  .~ Preparing compound other than saccharide containing a tetracycline nucleus (e.g., naphacene, etc.)
65  DF  .~ Preparing compound other than saccharide containing a gibberellin nucleus (i.e., gibbane)
66  DF  .~ Preparing compound other than saccharide containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus
67  DF  .~ Preparing compound containing a carotene nucleus (i.e., carotene)
68.1  DF  .~ Enzymatic production of a protein or polypeptide (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis, etc.)
69.1  DF  .~ Recombinant DNA technique included in method of making a protein or polypeptide
69.2  DF  .~.~ Enzyme inhibitors or activators
69.3  DF  .~.~ Antigens
69.4  DF  .~.~ Hormones and fragments thereof
69.5  DF  .~.~ Lymphokines or monokines
69.51  DF  .~.~.~ Interferons
69.52  DF  .~.~.~ Interleukins
69.6  DF  .~.~ Blood proteins
69.7  DF  .~.~ Fusion proteins or polypeptides
69.8  DF  .~.~ Signal sequence (e.g., beta-galactosidase, etc.)
69.9  DF  .~.~.~ Yeast derived
70.1  DF  .~ Using tissue cell culture to make a protein or polypeptide
70.2  DF  .~.~ Fused or hybrid cells
70.21  DF  .~.~.~ Producing monoclonal antibody
70.3  DF  .~.~ Animal tissue cell culture
70.4  DF  .~.~.~ Blood (lymphoid) cell culture
70.5  DF  .~.~.~.~ Producing interferons
71.1  DF  .~ Using a micro-organism to make a protein or polypeptide
71.2  DF  .~.~ Procaryotic micro-organism
71.3  DF  .~.~.~ Antibiotic or toxin
72  DF  .~ Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
73  DF  .~.~ Preparing S-glycoside (e.g., lincomycin, etc.)
74  DF  .~.~ Preparing O-glycoside (e.g., glucosides, etc.)
75  DF  .~.~.~ Oxygen of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring or a fused- or bridged-ring system which contains a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring (e.g., coumermycin, novobiocin, etc.)
76  DF  .~.~.~.~ The hetero ring has eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms (e.g., erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin, etc.)
77  DF  .~.~.~ Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is directly linked through only acyclic carbon atoms to a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring (e.g., bleomycin, phleomycin, etc.)
78  DF  .~.~.~ Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a condensed ring system having three or more carboxyclic rings (e.g., dauomycin, adriamycin, etc.)
79  DF  .~.~.~ Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is bonded to a cyclohexyl radical (e.g., kasugamycin, etc.)
80  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cyclohexyl radical is substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms (e.g., destomycin, neamin, etc.)
81  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Cyclohexyl radical is attached directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more N-C(=N)-N radicals (e.g., streptomycin, etc.)
82  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having two saccharide radicals bonded through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbons of the cyclohexyl radical (e.g., ambutyrosin, ribostamycin, etc.)
83  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Containing three or more saccharide radicals (e.g., liquidomycin, neomycin, lividomycin, etc.)
84  DF  .~.~ Preparing nitrogen-containing saccharide
85  DF  .~.~.~ N-glycoside
86  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cobalamin (i.e., vitamin B12, LLD factor)
87  DF  .~.~.~.~ Nucleoside
88  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having a fused ring containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring (e.g., purine nucleosides, etc.)
89  DF  .~.~.~.~ Nucleotide
90  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Dinucleotide (e.g., NAD, etc.)
91.1  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Polynucleotide (e.g., nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, etc.)
91.2  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Acellular exponential or geometric amplification (e.g., PCR, etc.)
91.21  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving the making of multiple RNA copies
91.3  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Polynucleotide contains only ribonucleotide monomers
91.31  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving catalytic ribonucleic acid
91.32  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Prepared from virus, prokaryotic acid
91.33  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving virus
91.4  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Modification or preparation of a recombinant DNA vector
91.41  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ By insertion or addition of one or more nucleotides
91.42  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving deletion of a nucleotide or nucleotides from a vector
91.5  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Acellular preparation of polynucleotide
91.51  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving RNA as a starting material or intermediate
91.52  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving a ligase (6.)
91.53  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ Involving a hydrolase (3.)
92  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having a fused ring containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring (e.g., purine based mononucleotides, etc.)
93  DF  .~.~ Mashing or wort making
94  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of an isomerase (e.g., fructose by the action of xylose isomerase on glucose, etc.)
95  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of a beta-amylase (e.g., maltose by the action of beta-amylase on amylose, etc.)
96  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of an exo-1.4 alpha glucosidase (e.g., dextrose by the action of glucoamylase on starch, etc.)
97  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma-cyclodextrins by the action of glycosyl transferase on starch, etc.)
98  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase (e.g., amylose debranched amylopectin by the action of pullulanase, etc.)
99  DF  .~.~ Produced by the action of a carbohydrase (e.g., maltose by the action of alpha amylase on starch, etc.)
100  DF  .~.~ Disaccharide
101  DF  .~.~ Polysaccharide of more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
102  DF  .~.~.~ Pullulan
103  DF  .~.~.~ Dextran
104  DF  .~.~.~ Xanthan; i.e., xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides
105  DF  .~.~ Monosaccharide
106  DF  .~ Preparing alpha or beta amino acid or substituted amino acid or salts thereof
107  DF  .~.~ Proline; hydroxyproline; histidine
108  DF  .~.~ Tryptophan; tyrosine; phenylalanine; 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine
109  DF  .~.~ Aspartic acid (asparaginic acid); asparagine
110  DF  .~.~ Glutamic acid; glutamine
111  DF  .~.~.~ Utilizing biotin or its derivatives
112  DF  .~.~.~ Utilizing surfactant fatty acids or fatty acid esters (i.e., having seven or more atoms)
113  DF  .~.~ Methionine; cysteine; cystine
114  DF  .~.~ Citrulline; arginine; ornithine
115  DF  .~.~ Lysine; diaminopimelic acid; threonine; valine
116  DF  .~.~ Alanine; leucine; isoleucine; serine; homoserine
117  DF  .~ Preparing heterocyclic carbon compound having only O, N, S, Se, or Te as ring hetero atoms
118  DF  .~.~ Containing two or more hetero rings
119  DF  .~.~.~ Containing at least two hetero rings bridged or fused among themselves or bridged or fused with a common carbocyclic ring system, (e.g., rifamycin, etc.)
120  DF  .~.~ Nitrogen or oxygen hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring
121  DF  .~.~ Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom
122  DF  .~.~.~ Containing six-membered hetero ring
123  DF  .~.~ Oxygen as only ring hetero atom
124  DF  .~.~.~ Containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members (e.g., zearalenone, macrocyclic lactones, etc.)
125  DF  .~.~.~ Containing six-membered hetero ring (e.g., fluorescein, etc.)
126  DF  .~.~.~ Containing five-membered hetero ring (e.g., griseofulvin, etc.)
127  DF  .~ Preparing compound containing at least three carbocyclic rings
128  DF  .~ Preparing nitrogen-containing organic compound
129  DF  .~.~ Amide (e.g., chloramphenicol, etc.)
130  DF  .~ Preparing sulfur-containing organic compound
131  DF  .~ Preparing organic compound containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, or halogen
132  DF  .~ Preparing oxygen-containing organic compound
133  DF  .~.~ Containing quinone nucleus (i.e., quinoid structure)
134  DF  .~.~ Fat; fatty oil; ester-type wax; higher fatty acid (i.e., having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group); oxidized oil or fat
135  DF  .~.~ Carboxylic acid ester
136  DF  .~.~ Containing a carboxyl group
137  DF  .~.~.~ Sugar acid having five or more carbon atoms (i.e., aldonic, keto-aldonic, or saccharic acid)
138  DF  .~.~.~.~ Alpha-ketogulonic acid (i.e., 2-ketogulonic acid)
139  DF  .~.~.~ Lactic acid
140  DF  .~.~.~ Acetic acid
141  DF  .~.~.~ Propionic or butyric acid
142  DF  .~.~.~ Polycarboxylic acid
143  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having keto group (e.g., alpha-ketoglutaric acid, etc.)
144  DF  .~.~.~.~ Tricarboxylic acid (e.g., citric acid, etc.)
145  DF  .~.~.~.~ Dicarboxylic acid having four or less carbon atoms (e.g., fumaric, maleic, etc.)
146  DF  .~.~.~ Hydroxy carboxylic acid
147  DF  .~.~ Containing carbonyl group
148  DF  .~.~.~ Ketone
149  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cyclopentanone or cyclopentadione containing compound
150  DF  .~.~.~.~ Acetone containing product
151  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains grain or cereal material
152  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains protein as nitrogen source
153  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains inorganic nitrogen source
154  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains inorganic compound, other than water
155  DF  .~.~ Containing hydroxy group
156  DF  .~.~.~ Aromatic
157  DF  .~.~.~ Acyclic
158  DF  .~.~.~.~ Polyhydric
159  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Glycerol
160  DF  .~.~.~.~ Butanol
161  DF  .~.~.~.~ Ethanol
162  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Multiple stages of fermentation; multiple types of micro-organisms or reuse of micro-organisms
163  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Produced as by-product, or from waste, or from cellulosic material substrate
164  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains sulphite waste liquor or citrus waste
165  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Substrate contains cellulosic material
166  DF  .~ Preparing hydrocarbon
167  DF  .~.~ Only acyclic
168  DF  .~ Preparing element or inorganic compound except carbon dioxide
169  DF  .~ Using actinomycetales
170  DF  .~ Using bacteria
171  DF  .~ Using fungi
440  DF  PROCESS OF MUTATION, CELL FUSION, OR GENETIC MODIFICATION
441  DF  .~ Mutation employing a chemical mutagenic agent
442  DF  .~.~ By replacement of standard nucleic acid base with base analog (e.g., 5-bromouracil, etc.)
443  DF  .~.~ By use of intercalating agent (e.g., acridine orange, etc.)
444  DF  .~.~ By use of alkylating agent (e.g., nitrosoguanidine, etc.)
445  DF  .~.~ By use of oxidative deamination agent (e.g., nitrous acid, etc.)
446  DF  .~ Mutation employing radiation or electricity
447  DF  .~.~ X-ray irradiation
448  DF  .~.~ Ultraviolet irradiation
449  DF  .~ Fusion of cells
450  DF  .~.~ Employing electric current
451  DF  .~.~ One of the fusing cells is a human antibody-producing cell
452  DF  .~.~ One of the fusing cells is a mouse antibody-producing cell
453  DF  .~.~ One of the fusing cells is a plant cell
454  DF  .~.~ One of the fusing cells is a microorganism (e.g., prokaryote, fungus, etc.)
455  DF  .~ Introduction of a polynucleotide molecule into or rearrangement of nucleic acid within an animal cell
456  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is encapsidated within a virus or viral coat
457  DF  .~.~.~ Helper virus is present
458  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is coated with or encapsulated within a lipid containing material (e.g., liposome, etc.)
459  DF  .~.~ Involving particle-mediated transfection (i.e., biolistic transfection)
460  DF  .~.~ Involving laser treatment of the cell before or during transfection
461  DF  .~.~ Involving electroporation
462  DF  .~.~ Involving site-specific recombination (e.g., Cre-lox, etc.)
463  DF  .~.~ Involving general or homologous recombination (e.g., gene targeting, etc.)
464  DF  .~.~ Involving gene duplication within the cell (e.g., amplification, co-amplification, etc.)
465  DF  .~.~ Involving co-transfection
466  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is a shuttle vector or a transiently replicating hybrid vector
467  DF  .~.~ Introducing an oncogene to establish a cell line
468  DF  .~ Introduction of a polynucleotide molecule into or rearrangement of a nucleic acid within a plant cell
469  DF  .~.~ Introduction via Agrobacterium
470  DF  .~.~ Introduction via electroporation, particle, fiber or microprojectile mediated insertion, or injection
471  DF  .~ Introduction of a polynucleotide molecule into or rearrangement of nucleic acid within a microorganism (e.g., bacteria, protozoa, bacteriophage, etc.)
472  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is encapsidated within a bacteriophage, bacteriophage coat, or transducing particle
473  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide contains a transposon
474  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is a cosmid
475  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is unencapsidated bacteriophage or viral nucleic acid
476  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is a plasmid or episome
477  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome contains DNA targeting homologous recombination to bacteriophage, viral, or chromosomal DNA within a microorganism
478  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome contains at least part of a gene encoding a restriction endonuclease or modification enzyme
479  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome confers the ability to utilize directly a compound which a wild type microorganism is unable to utilize
480  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome contains at least part of a gene encoding a toxin or encoding for virulence or pathogenicity
481  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome contains a gene which complements a nutritional deficiency mutation
482  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmid or episome contains a gene which confers resistance to metal, silicon, selenium, or tellurium toxicity
483  DF  .~.~.~ Yeast is a host for the plasmid or episome
484  DF  .~.~.~ Mycelial fungus is a host for the plasmid or episome
485  DF  .~.~.~ Microorganism of the genus Bacillus is a host for the plasmid or episome
486  DF  .~.~.~ Microorganism of the genus Streptomyces is a host for the plasmid or episome
487  DF  .~.~.~ Microorganism of the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Corynebacterium is a host for the plasmid or episome
488  DF  .~.~.~ Microorganism of the genus Escherichia is a host for the plasmid or episome
489  DD  .~.~.~ Plural nonidentical plasmids are introduced into a host microorganism or culture thereof (e.g., plasmid is part of a library, etc.)
490  DF  .~.~ The polynucleotide is an unbranched linear fragment
173.1  DF  TREATMENT OF MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES WITH ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY (E.G., MAGNETISM, SONIC WAVES, ETC.)
173.2  DF  .~ Enzyme treated
173.3  DF  .~ Modification of viruses (e.g., attenuation, etc.)
173.4  DF  .~ Cell membrane or cell surface is target
173.5  DF  .~.~ Membrane permeability increased
173.6  DF  .~.~.~ Electroporation
173.7  DF  .~.~ Lytic effect produced (e.g., disruption of cell membrane for release of subcellular parts; e.g., nucleic acids, etc.)
173.8  DF  .~ Metabolism of micro-organism enhanced (e.g., growth enhancement or increased production of microbial product)
173.9  DF  .~ Concentration, separation, or purification of micro-organisms
174  DF  CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED ENZYME OR MICROBIAL CELL; CARRIER-BOUND OR IMMOBILIZED CELL; PREPARATION THEREOF
175  DF  .~ Multi-enzyme system
176  DF  .~ Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an inorganic carrier
177  DF  .~ Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an organic carrier
178  DF  .~.~ Carrier is carbohydrate
179  DF  .~.~.~ Carbohydrate is cellulose or derivative thereof
180  DF  .~.~ Carrier is synthetic polymer
181  DF  .~.~.~ Attached to the carrier via a bridging agent
182  DF  .~.~.~ Enzyme or microbial cell is entrapped within the carrier (e.g., gel, hollow fibre)
183  DF  ENZYME (E.G., LIGASES (6. ), ETC.), PROENZYME; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROCESS FOR PREPARING, ACTIVATING, INHIBITING, SEPARATING, OR PURIFYING ENZYMES
184  DF  .~ Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment
185  DF  .~ Malt
186  DF  .~ Pancreatin
187  DF  .~ Preparing granular- or free-flowing enzyme composition
188  DF  .~ Stablizing an enzyme by forming a mixture, an adduct or a composition, or formation of an adduct or enzyme conjugate
188.5  DF  .~ Catalytic antibody
189  DF  .~ Oxidoreductase (1. ) (e.g., luciferase)
190  DF  .~.~ Acting on CHOH group as donor (e.g., glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1))
191  DF  .~.~ Acting on nitrogen-containing compound as donor (1.2, 1.5, 1.7)
192  DF  .~.~ Acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11)
193  DF  .~ Transferase other than ribonuclease (2.)
194  DF  .~.~ Transferring phosphorus containing group (e.g., kineases, etc.(2.7))
195  DF  .~ Hydrolase (3. )
196  DF  .~.~ Acting on ester bond (3.1)
197  DF  .~.~.~ Carboxylic ester hydrolase (3.1.1)
198  DF  .~.~.~.~ Triglyceride splitting (e.g., lipase, etc. (3.1.1.3))
199  DF  .~.~.~ Ribonuclease (3.1.4)
200  DF  .~.~ Acting on glycosyl compound (3.2)
201  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on alpha-1, 4-glucosidic bond, (e.g., hyaluronidase, invertase, amylase, etc. (some 3.2.1))
202  DF  .~.~.~.~ Alpha-amylase, microbial source
203  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Fungal source
204  DF  .~.~.~.~ Alpha-amylase, plant source (3.2.1.1)
205  DF  .~.~.~.~ Glucoamylase (3.2.1.3)
206  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on beta-1, 4 link between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2 deoxy-D-glucose (e.g., lysozyme, etc.)
207  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on beta-galatose-glycoside bond (e.g., beta-galactosidase, etc.)
208  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on alpha-galatose-glycoside bond (e.g., alpha-galactosidase, etc.)
209  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bond (e.g., cellulase, etc. (3.2.1.4))
210  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on alpha-1, 6-glucosidic bond (e.g., isoamylase, pullulanase, etc.)
211  DF  .~.~.~.~ Dextranase (3.2.1.11)
212  DF  .~.~ Acting on peptide bond (e.g., thromboplastin, leucine amino-peptidase, etc., (3.4))
213  DF  .~.~.~ Trypsin; chymotrypsin
214  DF  .~.~.~ Thrombin
215  DF  .~.~.~ Urokinase
216  DF  .~.~.~ Streptokinase
217  DF  .~.~.~ Plasmin (i.e., fibrinolysin)
218  DF  .~.~.~ Elastase
219  DF  .~.~.~ Proteinase
220  DF  .~.~.~.~ Derived from bacteria
221  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Bacteria is bacillus
222  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Bacillus subtilus or bacillus lichenoformis
223  DF  .~.~.~.~ Derived from fungi
224  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ From yeast
225  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ From aspergillus
226  DF  .~.~.~.~ Derived from animal tissue (e.g., rennin, etc.)
227  DF  .~.~ Acting on carbon to nitrogen bond other than peptide bond (3.5)
228  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on a linear amide linkage in linear amide
229  DF  .~.~.~.~ Asparaginase
230  DF  .~.~.~.~ Penicillin amidase
231  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on amide linkage in cyclic amides (e.g., penicillinase, etc.) (3.5.2)
232  DF  .~ Lyase (4. )
233  DF  .~ Isomerase (5. )
234  DF  .~.~ Glucose isomerase
235.1  DF  VIRUS OR BACTERIOPHAGE, EXCEPT FOR VIRAL VECTOR OR BACTERIOPHAGE VECTOR; COMPOSITION THEREOF; PREPARATION OR PURIFICATION THEREOF; PRODUCTION OF VIRAL SUBUNITS; MEDIA FOR PROPAGATING
236  DF  .~ Inactivation or attenuation; producing viral subunits
237  DF  .~.~ By serial passage of virus
238  DF  .~.~ By chemical treatment
239  DF  .~ Recovery or purification
325  DF  ANIMAL CELL, PER SE (E.G., CELL LINES, ETC.); COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF PROPAGATING, MAINTAINING OR PRESERVING AN ANIMAL CELL OR COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF ISOLATING OR SEPARATING AN ANIMAL CELL OR COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF PREPARING A COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN ANIMAL CELL; CULTURE MEDIA THEREFORE
326  DF  .~ Animal cell, per se, expressing immunoglobulin, antibody, or fragment thereof
327  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody is anti-idiotypic
328  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody is chimeric, mutated, or a recombined hybrid (e.g., bifunctional, bispecific, rodent-human chimeric, single chain, rFv, immunoglobuin fusion protein, etc.)
329  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody binds an oligosaccharide structure other than nucleic acid
330  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody binds an expression product of a cancer related gene or fragment thereof (e.g., oncogene, proto-oncogene, etc.)
331  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody binds a specifically identified amino acid sequence
332  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody binds a microorganism or normal or mutant component or product thereof (e.g., animal cell, cell surface antigen, secretory product, etc.)
333  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a nucleic acid or derivative or component thereof (e.g., DNA, RNA, DNA-RNA, hybrid, nucleotide, nucleoside, carcinogen-DNA adduct, etc.)
334  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a receptor (e.g., transferrin receptor, Fc receptor, dihydropyridine receptor, IL-2 receptor, etc.)
335  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interleukin, interferon, erythropoietin, etc.)
336  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a hormone or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, intercellular mediator, or neurotransmitter (e.g., insulin, human chorionic gonadotropin, intragonadal regulatory protein, Mullerian inhibiting substance, inhibin, epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, dopamine, norepinephrine, etc.)
337  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a plasma protein, serum protein, or fibrin (e.g., clotting factor fibrinolytic factor, complement factor, immunoglobulin, apolipoprotein, etc.)
338  DF  .~.~.~ Binds an enzyme
339  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a virus or component or product thereof (e.g., virus associated antigen, etc.)
339.1  DF  .~.~.~.~ Binds a retrovirus or component or product thereof (e.g., HIV, LAV, HTLV, etc.)
340  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a bacterium or similar microorganism or component or product thereof (e.g., Streptococcus, Legionella, Mycoplasma, bacterium associated antigen, exotoxin, etc.)
341  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a fungus or plant cell or component or product thereof (e.g., fungus associated antigen, etc.)
342  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a parasitic protozoan or metazoan cell or component or product thereof; (e.g., Dirofilaria, Eimeria, Coccidia, Trichinella, parasite cell surface antigen, etc.)
343  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a hematopoietic cell or component or product thereof (e.g., erythrocyte, granulocyte, macrophage, monocyte, platelet, myelogenous leukemia cell, bone marrow stem cell, granulocytic cell surface antigen, hemoglobin, thrombospondin, glycophorin, etc.)
343.1  DF  .~.~.~.~ Binds a lymphocytic or lymphocytic-like cell or component or product thereof (e.g., B cell, B-lineage bone marrow cell, null cell, natural killer cell, B-lymphoblastoid cell, B-lineage, acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell, B-lymphocytic cell surface antigen, etc.)
343.2  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Binds a T-lymphocytic cell or component or product thereof (e.g., T-cell, thymocyte, T-lineage bone marrow cell, T-lymphoblastoid cell, T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell, T-lymphocytic cell surface antigen, etc.)
344  DF  .~.~.~ Binds a cancer cell or component or product thereof (e.g., cell surface antigen, etc.)
344.1  DF  .~.~.~.~ Binds an antigen characterized by name or molecular weight (e.g., CEA, NCA, CC glycoprotein, melanoma gp 150 antigen, etc.)
345  DF  .~.~ Immunoglobulin or antibody binds a drug, hapten, hapten-carrier complex, or specifically identified chemical structure (e.g., theophylline, digoxin, etc.)
346  DF  .~ Fused or hybrid cell, per se
347  DF  .~ Two or more cell types, per se, in co-culture
348  DF  .~ Insect cell, per se
349  DF  .~ Avian cell, per se
350  DF  .~ Canine cell, per se
351  DF  .~ Feline cell, per se
352  DF  .~ Rodent cell, per se
353  DF  .~.~ Rat (i.e., Rattus)
354  DF  .~.~ Mouse (i.e., Mus)
355  DF  .~.~.~ Blood or lymphatic origin or derivative
356  DF  .~.~.~ L cell or derivative (e.g., Ltk(-), etc.)
357  DF  .~.~.~ Fibroblast, fibroblast-like cell or derivative (e.g., NIH 3T3, etc.)
358  DF  .~.~ Chinese hamster ovary (i.e., CHO)
359  DF  .~.~.~ Expressing recombinant tPA
360  DF  .~.~.~ Expressing recombinant hormone or growth factor
361  DF  .~.~.~ Expressing recombinant receptor
362  DF  .~.~.~ Expressing recombinant antigen
363  DF  .~ Primate cell, per se
364  DF  .~.~ Monkey kidney
365  DF  .~.~.~ COS (e.g., COS-7, etc.)
365.1  DF  .~.~.~.~ Expressing recombinant lymphokine, interferon, hormone, growth factor or morphogen
366  DF  .~.~ Human
367  DF  .~.~.~ HeLa cell or derivative
368  DF  .~.~.~ Nervous system origin or derivative
369  DF  .~.~.~ Renal origin or derivative
370  DF  .~.~.~ Hepatic origin or derivative
371  DF  .~.~.~ Epithelial origin or derivative
372  DF  .~.~.~ Blood, lymphatic, or bone marrow origin or derivative
372.1  DF  .~.~.~.~ Myeloma origin or derivative
372.2  DF  .~.~.~.~ B-cell or derivative
372.3  DF  .~.~.~.~ T-cell or derivative
373  DF  .~ Method of co-culturing cells
374  DF  .~ Method of storing cells in a viable state
375  DF  .~ Method of regulating cell metabolism or physiology
376  DF  .~.~ Method of synchronizing cell division
377  DF  .~.~ Method of altering the differentiation state of the cell
378  DF  .~ Method of detaching cells, digesting tissue or establishing a primary culture
379  DF  .~.~ Using mechanical means (e.g., trituration, etc.)
380  DF  .~.~ Releasing bound or adhered cell using protease
381  DF  .~.~ Digesting tissue with protease
382  DF  .~ Method of culturing encapsulated cells
383  DF  .~ Method of culturing cells in suspension
384  DF  .~.~ Culture medium contains a growth factor or growth regulator
385  DF  .~.~.~ Medium contains a colony stimulating factor
386  DF  .~.~.~ Medium contains an interleukin
387  DF  .~.~.~ Medium contains a polypeptide hormone
388  DF  .~.~ Culture medium contains an albumin
389  DF  .~.~ Culture medium contains a transferrin
390  DF  .~.~ Culture medium contains an incompletely defined plant or microbial extract excluding animal extract
391  DF  .~.~ Culture medium contains an animal extract
392  DF  .~.~.~ Serum
393  DF  .~.~ Using airlift or laminar flow aeration or foam culture
394  DF  .~.~ Wherein culture vessel is rotated or oscillated or culture is agitated
395  DF  .~ Solid support and method of culturing cells on said solid support
396  DF  .~.~ Support is a resin
397  DF  .~.~ Support is a gel surface
398  DF  .~.~ Support is a fiber
399  DF  .~.~.~ Fabric, mat, gauze, or fibrous coating
400  DF  .~.~.~ Hollow
401  DF  .~.~ Support is a membrane
402  DF  .~.~ Support is a coated or treated surface
403  DF  .~.~ Support is a suspendable particle
404  DF  .~ Culture medium, per se
405  DF  .~.~ Contains a growth factor or growth regulator
406  DF  .~.~.~ Contains a polypeptide hormone
407  DF  .~.~ Contains an albumin
408  DF  .~.~ Contains an animal extract
410  DF  PLANT CELL OR CELL LINE, PER SE (E.G., TRANSGENIC, MUTANT, ETC.); COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF PROPAGATING, MAINTAINING, OR PRESERVING PLANT CELL OR CELL LINE; PROCESS OF ISOLATING OR SEPARATING A PLANT CELL OR CELL LINE; PROCESS OF REGENERATING PLANT CELLS INTO TISSUE, PLANT PART, OR PLANT, PER SE, WHERE NO GENOTYPIC CHANGE OCCURS; MEDIUM THEREFORE
411  DF  .~ Tomato cell or cell line, per se
412  DF  .~ Corn cell or cell line, per se
413  DF  .~.~ Herbicide resistant
414  DF  .~ Tobacco cell or cell line, per se
415  DF  .~ Soybean cell or cell line, per se
416  DF  .~ Sunflower cell or cell line, per se
417  DF  .~ Potato cell or cell line, per se
418  DF  .~ Plant cell or cell line, per se, is pest or herbicide resistant or pest lethal
419  DF  .~ Plant cell or cell line, per se, contains exogenous or foreign nucleic acid
420  DF  .~ Culture, maintenance, or preservation techniques, per se
421  DF  .~.~ Involving protoplast
422  DF  .~.~ Involving conifer cell or tissue (e.g., pine, spruce, fir, cedar, etc.)
423  DF  .~.~ Involving tomato cell or tissue
424  DF  .~.~ Involving corn cell or tissue
425  DF  .~.~ Involving tobacco cell or tissue
426  DF  .~.~ Involving soybean cell or tissue
427  DF  .~.~ Involving cotton cell or tissue
428  DF  .~.~ Involving sunflower cell or tissue
429  DF  .~.~ Involving potato cell or tissue
430  DF  .~.~ Involving regeneration or propagation into a plant or plant part
430.1  DF  .~.~.~ Involving callus or embryonic stage
431  DF  .~ Medium, per se, for culture, maintenance, regeneration, etc.
242  DF  SPORE FORMING OR ISOLATING PROCESS
243  DF  MICRO-ORGANISM, PER SE (E.G., PROTOZOA, ETC.); COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROCES OF PROPAGATING, MAINTAINING OR PRESERVING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROCESS OF PREPARING OR ISOLATING A COMPOSITION CONTAINING A MICRO-ORGANISM; CULTURE MEDIA THEREFOR
244  DF  .~ Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compound which is not an essential growth factor; stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
245  DF  .~ Adaptation or attenuation of cells
246  DF  .~ Foam culture
247  DF  .~ Utilizing media containing lower alkanol (i.e., having one to six carbon atoms)
248  DF  .~ Utilizing media containing hydrocarbon
249  DF  .~.~ Aliphatic
250  DF  .~.~.~ Having five or less carbon atoms
251  DF  .~ Utilizing media containing waste sulphite liquor
252  DF  .~ Utilizing media containing cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
252.1  DF  .~ Bacteria or actinomycetales; media therefor
252.2  DF  .~.~ Rhizobium or agrobacterium
252.3  DF  .~.~ Transformants (e.g., recombinant DNA or vector or foreign or exogenous gene containing, fused bacteria, etc.)
252.31  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus (e.g., B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, etc.)
252.32  DF  .~.~.~ Brevibacterium or corynebacterium
252.33  DF  .~.~.~ Escherichia (e.g., E. coli, etc.)
252.34  DF  .~.~.~ Pseudomonas
252.35  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces
252.4  DF  .~.~ Mixed culture
252.5  DF  .~.~ Bacillus (e.g., B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, etc.)
252.6  DF  .~.~ Actinoplanes
252.7  DF  .~.~ Clostridium
252.8  DF  .~.~ Escherichia (e.g., E. coli, etc.) or salmonella
252.9  DF  .~.~ Lactobacillus, pediococcus, or leuconostoc
253.1  DF  .~.~ Mycobacterium
253.2  DF  .~.~ Nocardia
253.3  DF  .~.~ Pseudomonas
253.4  DF  .~.~ Streptococcus
253.5  DF  .~.~ Streptomyces
253.6  DF  .~.~ Culture media, per se
254.1  DF  .~ Fungi
254.11  DF  .~.~ Transformants
254.2  DF  .~.~.~ Yeast; media therefor
254.21  DF  .~.~.~.~ Saccharomyces
254.22  DF  .~.~.~.~ Candida
254.23  DF  .~.~.~.~ Pichia
254.3  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus
254.4  DF  .~.~.~ Neurospora
254.5  DF  .~.~.~ Penicillium
254.6  DF  .~.~.~ Trichoderma
254.7  DF  .~.~.~ Fusarium
254.8  DF  .~.~.~ Mucor
254.9  DF  .~.~.~ Rhizopus
255.1  DF  .~.~ Yeast
255.2  DF  .~.~.~ Saccharomyces
255.21  DF  .~.~.~.~ Culture media, per se, or technique
255.3  DF  .~.~.~ Cryptococcus
255.4  DF  .~.~.~ Candida or torulopsis
255.5  DF  .~.~.~ Pichia
255.6  DF  .~.~.~ Hansenula
255.7  DF  .~.~.~ Culture media, per se, or technique
256.1  DF  .~.~ Aspergillus
256.2  DF  .~.~ Mucor
256.3  DF  .~.~ Penicillium
256.4  DF  .~.~ Cephalosporium or acremonium
256.5  DF  .~.~ Fusarium
256.6  DF  .~.~ Rhizopus
256.7  DF  .~.~ Trichoderma
256.8  DF  .~.~ Culture media, per se, or technique
257.1  DF  .~ Algae, media therefor
257.2  DF  .~.~ Transformants
257.3  DF  .~.~ Chlorella
257.4  DF  .~.~ Euglena
257.5  DF  .~.~ Scenedesmus
257.6  DF  .~.~ Chlamydomonas
258.1  DF  .~ Protozoa, media therefor
258.2  DF  .~.~ Plasmodium
258.3  DF  .~.~ Leishmania
258.4  DF  .~.~ Eimeria
259  DF  .~ Lysis of micro-organism
260  DF  .~ Preserving or maintaining micro-organism
261  DF  .~ Separation of micro-organism from culture media
320.1  DF  VECTOR, PER SE (E.G., PLASMID, HYBRID PLASMID, COSMID, VIRAL VECTOR, BACTERIOPHAGE VECTOR, ETC.) BACTERIOPHAGE VECTOR, ETC.)
262  DF  PROCESS OF UTILIZING AN ENZYME OR MICRO-ORGANISM TO DESTROY HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE, LIBERATE, SEPARATE, OR PURIFY A PREEXISTING COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION THEREFORE; CLEANING OBJECTS OR TEXTILES
262.5  DF  .~ Destruction of hazardous or toxic waste
263  DF  .~ Textile treating
264  DF  .~ Cleaning using a micro-organism or enzyme
265  DF  .~ Depilating hides, bating, or hide treating using enzyme or micro-organism
266  DF  .~ Treating gas, emulsion, or foam
267  DF  .~ Treating animal or plant material or micro-organism
268  DF  .~.~ Treating organ or animal secretion
269  DF  .~.~ Treating blood fraction
270  DF  .~.~ Removing nucleic acid from intact or disrupted cell
271  DF  .~.~ Glyceridic oil, fat, ester-type wax, or higher fatty acid recovered or purified
272  DF  .~.~ Proteinaceous material recovered or purified
273  DF  .~.~.~ Collagen or gelatin
274  DF  .~.~ Carbohydrate material recovered or purified
275  DF  .~.~.~ Pectin or starch
276  DF  .~.~.~ Sugar (e.g., molasses treatment, etc.)
277  DF  .~.~.~ Cellulose (e.g., plant fibers, etc.)
278  DF  .~.~.~.~ Producing paper pulp
279  DF  .~.~.~.~ Hemp or flax treating
280  DF  .~ Resolution of optical isomers or purification of organic compounds or composition containing same
281  DF  .~ Petroleum oil or shale oil treating
282  DF  .~.~ Desulfurizing
283.1  DF  APPARATUS
284.1  DF  .~ Differentiated tissue (e.g., organ) perfusion or preservation apparatus
285.1  DF  .~ Mutation or genetic engineering apparatus
285.2  DF  .~.~ With means for applying an electric current or charge (e.g., electrofusion, electroporation, etc.)
285.3  DF  .~.~ Including projectile means
286.1  DF  .~ Including condition or time responsive control means
286.2  DF  .~.~ Including position control
286.3  DF  .~.~.~ Plater, streaker, or spreader
286.4  DF  .~.~.~ Including liquid dispenser means
286.5  DF  .~.~ Including liquid flow, level, or volume control
286.6  DF  .~.~ Including gas flow or pressure control
286.7  DF  .~.~ Including mixing or agitation control
287.1  DF  .~ Including measuring or testing
287.2  DF  .~.~ Measuring or testing for antibody or nucleic acid, or measuring or testing using antibody or nucleic acid
287.3  DF  .~.~ With sample or reagent mechanical transport means
287.4  DF  .~.~ Sterility testing means
287.5  DF  .~.~ Means for measuring gas pressure or gas volume of gas evolved from or consumed in an enzymatic or microbial reaction
287.6  DF  .~.~ Including frangible means for introducing a sample or reagent
287.7  DF  .~.~ Including bibulous or absorbent layer
287.8  DF  .~.~.~ Including multiple, stacked layers
287.9  DF  .~.~ Including a coated reagent or sample layer
288.1  DF  .~.~ Including a bottle, tube, flask, or jar
288.2  DF  .~.~.~ Including multiple internal compartments or baffles
288.3  DF  .~.~ Including a dish, plate, slide, or tray
288.4  DF  .~.~.~ Including multiple compartments (e.g., wells, etc.)
288.5  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including means for fluid passage between compartments (e.g., between wells, etc.)
288.6  DF  .~.~ Including column separation means
288.7  DF  .~.~ Including optical measuring or testing means
289.1  DF  .~ Bioreactor
290.1  DF  .~.~ Composting apparatus
290.2  DF  .~.~.~ Including agitation means
290.3  DF  .~.~.~.~ Compostor is rotatably mounted
290.4  DF  .~.~.~ Including solid or liquid transport means into or out of a compostor
291.1  DF  .~.~ Malting or mashing apparatus
291.2  DF  .~.~.~ Movable floor to facilitate maintenance (e.g., cleaning)
291.3  DF  .~.~.~ Vertically spaced stages, levels, or floors
291.4  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cascading
291.5  DF  .~.~.~ With agitator or mash turner
291.6  DF  .~.~.~.~ With vertical axis of rotation
291.7  DF  .~.~.~.~ With horizontal axis of rotation
291.8  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Rotating vessel
292.1  DF  .~.~ Including means to transmit light into a bioreactor to facilitate photo- bioreaction (e.g., photosynthesis)
293.1  DF  .~.~ Tubular or plug flow bioreactor
293.2  DF  .~.~.~ Radial or spiral flow bioreactor
294.1  DF  .~.~ Vessels or trays in series
295.1  DF  .~.~ Including a draft tube for agitation
295.2  DF  .~.~.~ Airlift bioreactor
295.3  DF  .~.~.~ Including a semi-permeable membrane or filter
296.1  DF  .~.~ Bubble bioreactor
297.1  DF  .~.~ Including semipermeable membrane or filter
297.2  DF  .~.~.~ Including perfusion means
297.3  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including a spinning semipermeable membrane or filter
297.4  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including hollow fiber or capillary
297.5  DF  .~.~.~ In combination with a dish, plate, or tray
298.1  DF  .~.~ Cylindrical reaction tank or vessel horizontally disposed with respect to its central axis
298.2  DF  .~.~.~ With a rotatably mounted tank or vessel
299.1  DF  .~.~ Including solid extended fluid contact reaction surface
299.2  DF  .~.~.~ Including a bottle, tube, jar, or flask
300.1  DF  .~.~ Including off-gas trapping means
301.1  DF  .~.~ Including foam breaking means
302.1  DF  .~.~ Including magnetically coupled agitation means
303.1  DF  .~.~ Incubator
303.2  DF  .~.~.~ Specifically adapted for an anaerobic microorganism or enzyme (e.g., anaerobe jars)
303.3  DF  .~.~.~ Including an agitator
304.1  DF  .~.~ Bottle, tube, jar, or flask
304.2  DF  .~.~.~ Including multiple internal compartments for baffles
304.3  DF  .~.~.~ Flat culture flask
305.1  DF  .~.~ Dish, plate, or tray
305.2  DF  .~.~.~ Multicompartmented
305.3  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including cover seal
305.4  DF  .~.~.~ Including cover seal
306.1  DF  .~ Involving lysis of a microorganism by means other than comminution
307.1  DF  .~ Microorganism preservation, storage, or transport apparatus
308.1  DF  .~ Means for separation or recovery of a microorganism from culture media
309.1  DF  .~ Inoculator, streaker, or sampler
309.2  DF  .~.~ Means for inoculation or sampling of a closed vessel
309.3  DF  .~.~ Loop or wire streaker
309.4  DF  .~.~ Replica plate
317.1  DF  MISCELLANEOUS (E.G., SUBCELLULAR PARTS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS, ETC.)
******************************
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
******************************
800  DF  ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION OF CONTAMINATION BY UNDERSIRED FERMENTS (E.G., ASEPTIC CULTIVATION)
801  DF  ANEROBIC CULTIVATION
802  DF  LOGARITHMIC GROWTH PHASE
803  DF  PHYSICAL RECOVERY METHODS (E.G., CHROMATOGRAPHY, GRINDING)
804  DF  SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
805  DF  TEST PAPERS
806  DF  FERTILITY TESTS
807  DF  GAS DETECTION APPARATUS
808  DF  OPTICAL SENSING APPARATUS
809  DF  INCUBATORS OR RACKS OR HOLDERS FOR CULTURE PLATES OR CONTAINERS
810  DF  PACKAGED DEVICE OR KIT
811  DF  INTERFERON
812  DF  FOAM CONTROL
813  DF  CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION
814  DF  ENZYME SEPARATION OR PURIFICATION
815  DF  .~ By sorption
816  DF  .~ By solubility
817  DF  ENZYME OR MICROBE ELECTRODE
818  DF  AERATION OR OXYGEN TRANSFER TECHNIQUE
819  DF  FERMENTATION VESSELS IN SERIES
820  DF  SUBCELLULAR PARTS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
821  DF  MICRO-ORGANISMS USED IN THE DESTRUCTION OF HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE
******************************
MICRO-ORGANISM CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
******************************
822  DF  .~ Using bacteria or actinomycetales
823  DF  .~.~ Acetobacter
824  DF  .~.~ Achromobacter
825  DF  .~.~ Actinomadura
826  DF  .~.~ Actinomyces
827  DF  .~.~ Actinoplanes
828  DF  .~.~ Aerobacter
829  DF  .~.~ Alcaligenes
830  DF  .~.~ Arthrobacter
831  DF  .~.~ Azotobacter
832  DF  .~.~ Bacillus
833  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus brevis
834  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus cereus
835  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus circulans
836  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus licheniformis
837  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus megaterium
838  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus polymyxa
839  DF  .~.~.~ Bacillus subtilis
840  DF  .~.~ Brevibacterium
841  DF  .~.~ Chainia
842  DF  .~.~ Clostridium
843  DF  .~.~ Corynebacterium
844  DF  .~.~.~ Corynebacterium diphtheriae
845  DF  .~.~.~ Corynebacterium poinsettiae
846  DF  .~.~.~ Corynebacterium pyogenes
847  DF  .~.~ Erwinia
848  DF  .~.~ Escherichia
849  DF  .~.~.~ Escherichia coli
850  DF  .~.~ Flavobacterium
851  DF  .~.~ Haemophilus
852  DF  .~.~ Klebsiella
853  DF  .~.~ Lactobacillus
854  DF  .~.~.~ Lactobacillus acidophilus
855  DF  .~.~.~ Lactobacillus brevis
856  DF  .~.~.~ Lactobacillus casei
857  DF  .~.~.~ Lactobacillus plantarum
858  DF  .~.~ Methylomonas
859  DF  .~.~ Micrococcus
860  DF  .~.~.~ Micrococcus flavus
861  DF  .~.~.~ Micrococcus glutamicus
862  DF  .~.~.~ Micrococcus lysodeikticus
863  DF  .~.~ Mycobacterium
864  DF  .~.~.~ Mycobacterium avium
865  DF  .~.~.~ Mycobacterium fortuitum
866  DF  .~.~.~ Mycobacterium smegmatis
867  DF  .~.~ Micromonospora
868  DF  .~.~.~ Micromonospora chalcea
869  DF  .~.~.~ Micromonospora purpurea
870  DF  .~.~ Mycoplasma
871  DF  .~.~ Neisseria
872  DF  .~.~ Nocardia
873  DF  .~.~ Proteus
874  DF  .~.~ Pseudomonas
875  DF  .~.~.~ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
876  DF  .~.~.~ Pseudomonas fluorescens
877  DF  .~.~.~ Pseudomonas putida
878  DF  .~.~ Rhizobium
879  DF  .~.~ Salmonella
880  DF  .~.~ Serratia
881  DF  .~.~.~ Serratia marcescens
882  DF  .~.~ Staphylococcus
883  DF  .~.~.~ Staphylococcus aureus
884  DF  .~.~.~ Staphylococcus epidermidis
885  DF  .~.~ Streptococcus
886  DF  .~.~ Streptomyces
887  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces albus
888  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces antibioticus
889  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces aureofaciens
890  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces aureus
891  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces bikiniensia
892  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces candidus
893  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces chartreusis
894  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces diastatochromogenes
895  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces filipinensis
896  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces fradiae
897  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces griseus
898  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces hygroscopicus
899  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces lavendulae
900  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces lincolnensis
901  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces noursei
902  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces olivaceus
903  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces platensis
904  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces rimosus
905  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces sparogenes
906  DF  .~.~.~ Streptomyces venezuelae
907  DF  .~.~ Streptosporangium
908  DF  .~.~ Streptovirticillium
909  DF  .~.~ Vibrio
910  DF  .~.~ Xanthomonas
911  DF  .~ Using fungi
912  DF  .~.~ Absidia
913  DF  .~.~ Aspergillus
914  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus awamori
915  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus flavus
916  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus fumigatus
917  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus niger
918  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus oryzae
919  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus ustus
920  DF  .~.~.~ Aspergillus wenti
921  DF  .~.~ Candida
922  DF  .~.~.~ Candida albicans
923  DF  .~.~.~ Candida lipolytica
924  DF  .~.~.~ Candida tropicalis
925  DF  .~.~ Cephalosporium
926  DF  .~.~.~ Cephalosporium acremonium
927  DF  .~.~.~ Cephalosporium caerulens
928  DF  .~.~.~ Cephalosporium crotocinigenium
929  DF  .~.~ Fusarium
930  DF  .~.~ Hansenula
931  DF  .~.~ Mucor
932  DF  .~.~ Paecilomyces
933  DF  .~.~ Penicillium
934  DF  .~.~.~ Penicillium brevi
935  DF  .~.~.~ Penicillium chrysogenum
936  DF  .~.~.~ Penicillium notatium
937  DF  .~.~.~ Penicillium patulum
938  DF  .~.~ Pichia
939  DF  .~.~ Rhizopus
940  DF  .~.~ Saccharomyces
941  DF  .~.~.~ Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
942  DF  .~.~.~ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
943  DF  .~.~.~ Saccharomyces lactis
944  DF  .~.~ Torulopsis
945  DF  .~.~ Trichoderma
946  DF  .~ Using algae
947  DF  .~ Using protozoa
948  DF  .~ Using viruses or cell lines
******************************
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
RELATED TO SUBCLASSES
7.1 THROUGH 7.95
******************************
960  DF  IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASSAY
961  DF  INCLUDING A STEP OF FORMING, RELEASING, OR EXPOSING THE ANTIGEN OR FORMING THE HAPTEN-IMMUNOGENIC CARRIER COMPLEX OR THE ANTIGEN, PER SE
962  DF  PREVENTION OR REMOVAL OF INTERFERING MATERIALS OR REACTANTS OR OTHER TREATMENT TO ENHANCE RESULTS (E.G., DETERMINING OR PREVENTING NONSPECIFIC BINDING, ETC.)
963  DF  METHODS OF STOPPING AN ENZYME REACTION OR STABILIZING THE TEST MATERIALS
964  DF  INCLUDING ENZYME-LIGAND CONJUGATE PRODUCTION (E.G., REDUCING RATE OF NONPRODUCTIVE LINKAGE, ETC.)
965  DF  INVOLVING IDIOTYPE OR ANTI-IDIOTYPE ANTIBODY
966  DF  INVOLVING AN ENZYME SYSTEM WITH HIGH TURNOVER RATE OR COMPLEMENT MAGNIFIED ASSAY (E.G., MULTI-ENZYME SYSTEMS, ETC.)
967  DF  STANDARDS, CONTROLS, MATERIALS (E.G., VALIDATION STUDIES, BUFFER SYSTEMS, ETC.)
968  DF  HIGH ENERGY SUBSTRATES (E.G., FLUORESCENT, CHEMILUMINESCENT, RADIOACTIVE, ETC.)
969  DF  MULTIPLE LAYERING OF REACTANTS
970  DF  TEST STRIP OR TEST SLIDE
971  DF  CAPTURE OF COMPLEX AFTER ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION
972  DF  MODIFIED ANTIBODY (E.G., HYBRID, BIFUNCTIONAL, ETC.)
973  DF  SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MORE THAN ONE ANALYTE
974  DF  AIDS RELATED TEST
975  DF  KIT
*********************************
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
*********************************
FOR 100  DF  ANIMAL OR PLANT CELL (E.G., CELL LINES, ETC.); COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROCESS OF PROPAGATING, MAINTAINING OR PRESERVING ANIMAL OR PLANT CELL OR COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF ISOLATING OR SEPARATING AN ANIMAL OR PLANT CELL OR COMPOSITION THEREOF; PROCESS OF PREPARING A COMPOSITION CONTAINING ANIMAL OR PLANT CELL; CULTURE MEDIA THEREFORE (435/240.1)
FOR 101  DF  .~ Animal cells, per se, culture techniques and media (435/240.2)
FOR 102  DF  .~.~ Techniques of establishing a primary culture (435/240.21)
FOR 103  DF  .~.~ Culture of encapsulated cells (435/240.22)
FOR 104  DF  .~.~ Culture of cells on solid support (e.g., anchorage dependent cells) (435/240.23)
FOR 105  DF  .~.~.~ Support is suspendable particle (435.240.24)
FOR 106  DF  .~.~.~ Culture of cells on membrane (435/240.241)
FOR 107  DF  .~.~.~.~ Hollow fiber membrane (435/240.242)
FOR 108  DF  .~.~.~ Solid support treated or coated to enhance attachment or growth (435/240.243)
FOR 109  DF  .~.~ Culture in suspension (435/240.25)
FOR 110  DF  .~.~ Fused or hybrid cells (435/240.26)
FOR 111  DF  .~.~.~ Ab or Ig fragments producing cells (435/240.27)
FOR 112  DF  .~.~ Culture medium, per se (435/240.3)
FOR 113  DF  .~.~.~ Defined medium (435/240.31)
FOR 114  DF  .~ Plant cells, per se, culture techniques and media (435/240.4)
FOR 115  DF  .~.~ Culture techniques (e.g., meristem culture, etc.) (435/240.45)
FOR 116  DF  .~.~.~ Culture in suspension (435/240.46)
FOR 117  DF  .~.~.~.~ Protoplasts (435/240.47)
FOR 118  DF  .~.~.~ Callus culture (435/240.48)
FOR 119  DF  .~.~.~.~ Regeneration (includes nonflowering ornamentals (435/240.49)
FOR 120  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Agronomic crops (e.g., tobacco, grains, etc.) (435/240.5)
FOR 121  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Fruit and vegetable crops (e.g., tomato, etc.) (435/240.51)
FOR 122  DF  .~.~ Culture medium, per se, or regeneration medium, per se (435/240.54)
FOR 123  DD  MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING (435/172.1)
FOR 124  DD  .~ Fused or hybrid cell formation (435/172.2)
FOR 125  DD  .~ Recombination (435/172.3)
FOR 126  DD  OBTAINING THE DESIRED GENE; DNA, RNA PER SE AND THE MODIFICATION THEREOF OTHER THAN VECTOR MODIFICATION (935/1)
FOR 127  DD  .~ DNA - RNA hybrid (935/2)
FOR 128  DD  .~ RNA (935/3)
FOR 129  DD  .~.~ mRNA (935/4)
FOR 130  DD  .~.~ 2-100 nucleotides in length, e.g., t-RNA, etc. (935/5)
FOR 131  DD  .~ DNA, e.g., regulatory sequences, etc. (935/6)
FOR 132  DD  .~.~ Homopolymeric, e.g., poly d(A) sequence, etc. (935/7)
FOR 133  DD  .~.~ 12-75 nucleotides in length, e.g., primers, etc. (935/8)
FOR 134  DD  .~.~ Structural gene sequence (935/9)
FOR 135  DD  .~.~.~ Modified structural gene, e.g., nonnaturally occuring sequence, etc. (935/10)
FOR 136  DD  .~.~.~ Polypeptide (935/11)
FOR 137  DD  .~.~.~.~ Antigenic material (935/12)
FOR 138  DD  .~.~.~.~ Hormone, e.g., human growth factor, insulin, etc. (935/13)
FOR 139  DD  .~.~.~.~ Enzyme (935/14)
FOR 140  DD  .~.~.~.~ Antibody (935/15)
FOR 141  DD  .~ Methods of producing DNA or RNA other than by expression vectors, e.g., culture of cells high in DNA, etc. (935/16)
FOR 142  DD  .~.~ Cell free production (935/17)
FOR 143  DD  .~.~.~ cDNA synthesis (935/18)
FOR 144  DD  .~ Isolation or purification of DNA or RNA (935/19)
FOR 145  DD  .~.~ RNA (935/20)
FOR 146  DD  .~.~.~ mRNA (935/21)
FOR 147  DD  VECTORS AND METHODS OF MODIFYING VECTORS (935/22)
FOR 148  DD  .~ Inserting a gene into a vector to form a recombinant vector, i.e., cleavage and ligation (935/23)
FOR 149  DD  .~.~ Vector utilized, e.g., episomes, etc. (935/24)
FOR 150  DD  .~.~.~ Plant virus (935/25)
FOR 151  DD  .~.~.~ Cosmid (935/26)
FOR 152  DD  .~.~.~ Plasmid (935/27)
FOR 153  DD  .~.~.~.~ Yeast (935/28)
FOR 154  DD  .~.~.~.~ Prokaryotic (935/29)
FOR 155  DD  .~.~.~.~ Plant (935/30)
FOR 156  DD  .~.~.~ Bacteriophage (935/31)
FOR 157  DD  .~.~.~ Animal virus, e.g., SV40, etc. (935/32)
FOR 158  DD  METHODS OF ENHANCING OR DIMINISHING EXPRESSION (935/33)
FOR 159  DD  .~ Eukaryotic cell (935/34)
FOR 160  DD  .~.~ Plant cell (935/35)
FOR 161  DD  .~.~ Transcription (935/36)
FOR 162  DD  .~.~ Yeast cell (935/37)
FOR 163  DD  .~ Prokaryotic cell (935/38)
FOR 164  DD  .~.~ Transcription (935/39)
FOR 165  DD  .~.~.~ Operon selection (935/40)
FOR 166  DD  .~.~.~.~ Promoter, e.g., portable promoters, etc. (935/41)
FOR 167  DD  .~.~ Gene dosage modification, e.g., copy number amplification, etc. (935/42)
FOR 168  DD  .~.~.~ Inducible, e.g., temperature inducible, etc. (935/43)
FOR 169  DD  .~.~ Translation (935/44)
FOR 170  DD  .~.~.~ Ribosome binding site (935/45)
FOR 171  DD  .~.~.~ Initiation (935/46)
FOR 172  DD  .~ Fused protein or peptide (435/47)
FOR 173  DD  .~.~ Signal peptide, e.g., secretion, etc. (935/48)
FOR 174  DD  .~ Post translational modification (935/49)
FOR 175  DD  .~.~ Glycosylation (935/50)
FOR 176  DD  .~.~ Peptide bond cleavage (935/51)
FOR 177  DD  METHODS OF INTRODUCING A GENE INTO A HOST CELL, E.G., TRANSFORMATION OR TRANSFECTION, ETC. (935/52)
FOR 178  DD  .~ Microinjection (935/53)
FOR 179  DD  .~ Microencapsulation, e.g., liposome vesicle etc. (935/54)
FOR 180  DD  .~ Using vector, e.g., plasmid, etc. (935/55)
FOR 181  DD  .~.~ Plasmid (935/56)
FOR 182  DD  .~.~ Virus (935/57)
FOR 183  DD  .~.~.~ Phage, e.g., phage lambda, etc. (935/58)
FOR 184  DD  METHOD OF USE OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CELLS, E.G., OIL SPILL CLEANUP, ETC. (935/59)
FOR 185  DD  .~ To produce an identified chemical product e.g., amino acid, etc. (935/60)
FOR 186  DD  .~.~ Yield optimization (935/61)
FOR 187  DD  .~ Control of genetic diseases or defects by use of added gene (935/62)
FOR 188  DD  .~ Use in animal husbandry (935/63)
FOR 189  DD  .~ Use in agriculture (935/64)
FOR 190  DD  .~ Vaccine production (935/65)
FOR 191  DD  CELLS CONTAINING A VECTOR AND/OR EXOGENOUS GENE PER SE; PROPAGATION THEREOF; OTHER MEMBRANE ENCAPSULATED DNA, E.G., PROTOPLASTS, ETC. (935/66)
FOR 192  DD  .~ Plant cells (935/67)
FOR 193  DD  .~ Fungal cells (935/68)
FOR 194  DD  .~.~ Yeast cells (935/69)
FOR 195  DD  .~ Animal cell (935/70)
FOR 196  DD  .~.~ Human cell (935/71)
FOR 197  DD  .~ Bacteria (935/72)
FOR 198  DD  .~.~ Escherichia (935/73)
FOR 199  DD  .~.~ Bacillus (935/74)
FOR 200  DD  .~.~ Streptomyces (935/75)
FOR 201  DD  ASSAY RELATED TO GENETIC ENGINEERING (935/76)
FOR 202  DD  .~ Methods of analysis of nucleic acids (935/77)
FOR 203  DD  .~.~ Including hybridization (935/78)
FOR 204  DD  .~ Methods of selection of recombinant gene containing vector; materials therefore, e.g., replica plating, etc. (935/79)
FOR 205  DD  .~.~ Gene library manipulation (935/80)
FOR 206  DD  .~.~ Antigen-antibody (935/81)
FOR 207  DD  .~.~ Enzyme activity (935/82)
FOR 208  DD  .~.~ Host suicide (935/83)
FOR 209  DD  .~.~ Selection medium (935/84)
FOR 210  DD  GENETIC ENGINEERING APPARATUS (935/85)
FOR 211  DD  .~ Analytical, e.g., for autoradiography, etc. (935/86)
FOR 212  DD  .~.~ Automated (935/87)
FOR 213  DD  .~ Synthesis, e.g., peptide or gene synthesizers, etc. (935/88)
FOR 214  DD  HYBRID OR FUSED CELL TECHNOLOGY, E.G., HYBRIDOMA, ETC. (935/89)
FOR 215  DD  .~ Method of selection of the desired cell (935/90)
FOR 216  DD  .~.~ Of plant cells, e.g., protoplasts, etc. (935/91)
FOR 217  DD  .~.~ Using positive selection technique (935/92)
FOR 218  DD  .~ Method of production of hybrid or fused cells, e.g., chromosome or genome transfer techniques, etc. (935/93)
FOR 219  DD  .~.~ Of plant cells (935/94)
FOR 220  DD  .~ Fused or hybrid cell per se (935/95)
FOR 221  DD  .~.~ Interspecies fusion (935/96)
FOR 222  DD  .~.~ Fungi, e.g., yeasts, etc. (935/97)
FOR 223  DD  .~.~ Plant cells (935/98)
FOR 224  DD  .~.~ Human cell 935/99)
FOR 225  DD  .~.~.~ B lymphocyte (935/100)
FOR 226  DD  .~.~.~ T lymphocyte (935/101)
FOR 227  DD  .~.~ Animal cell (935/102)
FOR 228  DD  .~.~.~ Murine cell, e.g., mouse cell, etc. (935/103)
FOR 229  DD  .~.~.~.~ B lymphocyte (935/104)
FOR 230  DD  .~.~.~.~ T lymphocyte (935/105)
FOR 231  DD  .~ Method of use of the fused or hybrid cell or the product thereof (935/106)
FOR 232  DD  .~.~ In vivo use of product
FOR 233  DD  .~.~ In vitro, e.g., cell cultivation techniques, affinity chromatography, etc. (935/108)
FOR 234  DD  .~.~.~ Production of non-antibody product (935/109)
FOR 235  DD  .~.~.~ For use as testing material (935/110)
FOR 236  DD  MISCELLANEOUS (935/111)